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<p>Raw carob (RC) is a natural agro-biomass with high potential as an eco-friendly adsorbent. RC exhibits a limited adsorption capacity for pollutants. However, its inherent adsorption capacity for pollutants remains limited. To address this limitation, chemical modification is commonly employed to enhance its adsorptive performance. This study explores the potential of chemically modified <i>Ceratonia siliqua</i> (CMC) as an adsorbent for the paracetamol (PCT) removal from aqueous media. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the adsorption capacity and isotherm, considering key parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial PCT concentration, and contact time. Furthermore, the structural and morphological properties of the adsorbent were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In terms of results, the biosorbent was best described by the Langmuir model with <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0. 995. Moreover, Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the factors regarding the adsorption of PCT such as contact time (20–180 min), pH (1–11), adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.1 g), and PCT concentration (0.01–0.09 mg/L). The results of the regression analysis showed that the non-linear model fits the experimental data well, with correlation coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> values) of 0.9658 and 0.9830. The maximum paracetamol removal efficiency of the developed adsorbent was observed to reach 89%, highlighting the potential of CMC as an effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The adsorbent demonstrated excellent reusability, 87% efficient removal rate after four cycles using methanol for washing and drying for 1 h at 60 °C.</p>

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Modified Ceratonia siliqua as low-cost biosorbent for paracetamol removal: equilibrium study and optimization via Box-Behnken design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Hajer Chemingui,
  • Rim Riahi,
  • Wassim Ben Salem,
  • Hassen Dbouba,
  • Nabila Bensacia,
  • Ahmed Hannechi

摘要

Raw carob (RC) is a natural agro-biomass with high potential as an eco-friendly adsorbent. RC exhibits a limited adsorption capacity for pollutants. However, its inherent adsorption capacity for pollutants remains limited. To address this limitation, chemical modification is commonly employed to enhance its adsorptive performance. This study explores the potential of chemically modified Ceratonia siliqua (CMC) as an adsorbent for the paracetamol (PCT) removal from aqueous media. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the adsorption capacity and isotherm, considering key parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial PCT concentration, and contact time. Furthermore, the structural and morphological properties of the adsorbent were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In terms of results, the biosorbent was best described by the Langmuir model with R2 of 0. 995. Moreover, Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the factors regarding the adsorption of PCT such as contact time (20–180 min), pH (1–11), adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.1 g), and PCT concentration (0.01–0.09 mg/L). The results of the regression analysis showed that the non-linear model fits the experimental data well, with correlation coefficients (R2 values) of 0.9658 and 0.9830. The maximum paracetamol removal efficiency of the developed adsorbent was observed to reach 89%, highlighting the potential of CMC as an effective adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The adsorbent demonstrated excellent reusability, 87% efficient removal rate after four cycles using methanol for washing and drying for 1 h at 60 °C.