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<p>Advancing antimicrobial materials is key to preventing wound infections. Due to its large surface area and porous membrane structure, bacterial cellulose (BC) can effectively be functionalized with natural products for wound-healing bandages. Within the scope of this investigation, BC was functionalized with ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP), to engineer BC/EEP composite membranes. HPLC characterized the polyphenolic profile of EEP, identifying a diverse array of compounds, with significant concentrations of Hesperetin (43.18 μg/mL) and chlorogenic acid (33.79 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis of EEP revealed a diverse spectrum of approximately 47 compounds, with 2-ethoxyethanol, trichloroethanol, and ethylene emerging as the predominant constituents. The BC/EEP composite membranes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), with the results conforming integration of EEP into the BC matrix. The antimicrobial efficacy of EEP and BC/EEP composite membranes was assessed, revealing that EEP demonstrated broad-spectrum activity, against <i>S. typhimurium</i> (20 ± 1.58 mm) and <i>S. mutans</i> (19 ± 1.22 mm), and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 0.003 mg/mL. While the BC/EEP composite membranes exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity, attributed to the bioactive polyphenolic compounds within EEP. These findings highlight the potential of BC/EEP composite membranes as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications.</p>

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Ex situ functionalization of bacterial cellulose with ethanolic extraction of propolis for enhanced antimicrobial performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Ahmed K. Saleh,
  • Jehan S. Albrahim,
  • Hussain Alenezi

摘要

Advancing antimicrobial materials is key to preventing wound infections. Due to its large surface area and porous membrane structure, bacterial cellulose (BC) can effectively be functionalized with natural products for wound-healing bandages. Within the scope of this investigation, BC was functionalized with ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP), to engineer BC/EEP composite membranes. HPLC characterized the polyphenolic profile of EEP, identifying a diverse array of compounds, with significant concentrations of Hesperetin (43.18 μg/mL) and chlorogenic acid (33.79 μg/mL). GC–MS analysis of EEP revealed a diverse spectrum of approximately 47 compounds, with 2-ethoxyethanol, trichloroethanol, and ethylene emerging as the predominant constituents. The BC/EEP composite membranes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), with the results conforming integration of EEP into the BC matrix. The antimicrobial efficacy of EEP and BC/EEP composite membranes was assessed, revealing that EEP demonstrated broad-spectrum activity, against S. typhimurium (20 ± 1.58 mm) and S. mutans (19 ± 1.22 mm), and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of approximately 0.003 mg/mL. While the BC/EEP composite membranes exhibited pronounced antimicrobial activity, attributed to the bioactive polyphenolic compounds within EEP. These findings highlight the potential of BC/EEP composite membranes as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications.