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<p>The leaves of <i>Carica papaya</i> are typically regarded as waste; however, the extract has been associated with numerous health benefits, anti-microbial activity, corrosion inhibitor, etc. This study investigated the efficacy of probe sonication (power level: 25, 50, and 75% and extraction time: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15&#xa0;min) and bath sonication process (leaf to water ratio: 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (w/v) and extraction time: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15&#xa0;min) on the extraction of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, % radical scavenging activity, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total soluble solids from papaya leaves. The optimized conditions for probe sonicator and bath sonication were 25% power level with a sonication time of 9&#xa0;min and leaf to water ratio (1:0) with 9&#xa0;min, for each. The results demonstrated that papaya leaves are an excellent source of phenolic content (89.14 ± 4.1&#xa0;mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (33.43 ± 1.5&#xa0;mg QE/g) with high radical scavenging activity (88.54 ± 1.04%) at optimized conditions for probe sonication. Under such condition, the release of total phenolic content was 1.8 times higher in probe sonication as compared to the bath sonication. Furthermore, it was shown that using ultrasonic-assisted extraction enhanced the overall extraction efficiency. FTIR analysis indicated the effect of ultrasonic treatments on the different functional groups present in the papaya leaf. SEM images also revealed that ultrasonic treatments can improve the extraction of bioactive compounds due to more cell disruption as compared to control sample.</p>

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Impact of ultrasonic-assisted extraction on the release of bioactive compounds from Carica papaya Linn. leaves using probe and bath sonication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Lavanya Puramshetti,
  • Saroj Kumar Giri,
  • Debabandya Mohapatra,
  • Manoj Kumar Tripathi,
  • Adinath Kate,
  • Manoj Kumar,
  • Lalita,
  • Alka Mishra

摘要

The leaves of Carica papaya are typically regarded as waste; however, the extract has been associated with numerous health benefits, anti-microbial activity, corrosion inhibitor, etc. This study investigated the efficacy of probe sonication (power level: 25, 50, and 75% and extraction time: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min) and bath sonication process (leaf to water ratio: 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (w/v) and extraction time: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 min) on the extraction of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, % radical scavenging activity, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total soluble solids from papaya leaves. The optimized conditions for probe sonicator and bath sonication were 25% power level with a sonication time of 9 min and leaf to water ratio (1:0) with 9 min, for each. The results demonstrated that papaya leaves are an excellent source of phenolic content (89.14 ± 4.1 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (33.43 ± 1.5 mg QE/g) with high radical scavenging activity (88.54 ± 1.04%) at optimized conditions for probe sonication. Under such condition, the release of total phenolic content was 1.8 times higher in probe sonication as compared to the bath sonication. Furthermore, it was shown that using ultrasonic-assisted extraction enhanced the overall extraction efficiency. FTIR analysis indicated the effect of ultrasonic treatments on the different functional groups present in the papaya leaf. SEM images also revealed that ultrasonic treatments can improve the extraction of bioactive compounds due to more cell disruption as compared to control sample.