With a growing market share, reactive dyes are mostly used on cotton textiles, which are worn by over half of the world’s population. However, a significant portion of the applied reactive dyes, roughly 30% are lost in the effluent. These untreated dyes not only discolour water bodies, hindering the amount of visible light reaching aquatic flora and fauna, but also pose serious health risks due to their carcinogenic and toxic properties, which are harmful to both the ecosystem and human health. In the current research, we customized bamboo fibers with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in an attempt to increase their efficacy as an adsorbent for removing reactive dye Novacron Red FN-2BL from wastewater. Through the use of methods like FTIR, Powder-XRD, SEM, EDX, BET and TGA analysis, the adsorbent (BAT) was thoroughly characterized to gain a thorough understanding of its structural and chemical properties. The variables tested include temperature (298 K, 308 K and 318 K), amount of adsorbent used (0.05–0.50 g), contact duration (5–40 min), pH (2–12) and initial concentration of dye (20–100 mg/L). The dye removal efficiency of Novacron Red FN-2BL attained a maximum of 95% when 4 g of adsorbent was used per litre of dye solution, the initial dye concentration was 40 mg/L, the contact time was 20 min, the pH was 7 and the temperature was 318 K. The adsorption behaviour was satisfactorily represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, while a second-order model described the adsorption kinetics. The monolayer’s adsorption capacity was especially remarkable; at 318 K, it was measured at an astounding 18.76 mg/g. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm’s magnitude of E, which varies from 1.12 kJ/mol to 2.67 kJ/mol as temperature rises from 298 to 318 K, indicates that RR’s adsorption on BAT is likely physisorption (E’s value ranges from 1 to 8 kJ/mol). Examining the process’s thermodynamic elements, we determined that ΔH0 and ΔS0 are, respectively, 16.26 kJ/mol and 70.41 J/mol/K. The positive value of ΔH0 and ΔS0 represent the endothermic and entropy-driven character of the current adsorption phenomena. Constant negative values of ΔG0 increasing with temperature from 298 to 318 K, ranging from − 2.97 to − 4.26 kJ/mol highlighted the possibility, spontaneity of reactive dye Novacron Red FN-2BL adsorption on CTAB surfactant-modified bamboo fibers (BAT). Graphical Abstract

Transforming agro-waste: sustainable adsorption of Novacron Red FN-2BL on surfactant-modified bamboo fibers

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发表日期：

2025年3月16日

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Samriti Vaid,
Varinder Kaur,
Raj Kumar Arya,
Bhavna Vaid,
Devyani Thapliyal

摘要

With a growing market share, reactive dyes are mostly used on cotton textiles, which are worn by over half of the world’s population. However, a significant portion of the applied reactive dyes, roughly 30% are lost in the effluent. These untreated dyes not only discolour water bodies, hindering the amount of visible light reaching aquatic flora and fauna, but also pose serious health risks due to their carcinogenic and toxic properties, which are harmful to both the ecosystem and human health. In the current research, we customized bamboo fibers with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in an attempt to increase their efficacy as an adsorbent for removing reactive dye Novacron Red FN-2BL from wastewater. Through the use of methods like FTIR, Powder-XRD, SEM, EDX, BET and TGA analysis, the adsorbent (BAT) was thoroughly characterized to gain a thorough understanding of its structural and chemical properties. The variables tested include temperature (298 K, 308 K and 318 K), amount of adsorbent used (0.05–0.50 g), contact duration (5–40 min), pH (2–12) and initial concentration of dye (20–100 mg/L). The dye removal efficiency of Novacron Red FN-2BL attained a maximum of 95% when 4 g of adsorbent was used per litre of dye solution, the initial dye concentration was 40 mg/L, the contact time was 20 min, the pH was 7 and the temperature was 318 K. The adsorption behaviour was satisfactorily represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, while a second-order model described the adsorption kinetics. The monolayer’s adsorption capacity was especially remarkable; at 318 K, it was measured at an astounding 18.76 mg/g. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm’s magnitude of E, which varies from 1.12 kJ/mol to 2.67 kJ/mol as temperature rises from 298 to 318 K, indicates that RR’s adsorption on BAT is likely physisorption (E’s value ranges from 1 to 8 kJ/mol). Examining the process’s thermodynamic elements, we determined that ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ are, respectively, 16.26 kJ/mol and 70.41 J/mol/K. The positive value of ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ represent the endothermic and entropy-driven character of the current adsorption phenomena. Constant negative values of ΔG⁰ increasing with temperature from 298 to 318 K, ranging from − 2.97 to − 4.26 kJ/mol highlighted the possibility, spontaneity of reactive dye Novacron Red FN-2BL adsorption on CTAB surfactant-modified bamboo fibers (BAT).

Graphical Abstract