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<p>Zeaxanthin is a yellow-colored xanthophyll carotenoids that is mostly found in egg yolks and dark-green leafy foods. As a member of the xanthophyll family, it is extensively found in the skin and eyes of humans and some animals. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it serves vital physiological roles in our body. Several studies proved their extensive benefits as hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, in neurological disorders, as anticancer and in liver diseases. Being a lipophillic agent, zeaxanthin offered limited solubility in water, higher degree of instabilities, and less bioavailability which restrict its practical utility. Therefore, developing a viable drug delivery system that can overwhelm these constraints is the need of the hour. Since zeaxanthin is inherently poorly soluble in water and sensitive to light and heat, encapsulation is an essential step to preserve its advantageous qualities and increase its efficacy, which enables better absorption and utilization by the body, especially when used in food or as supplement. The main objectives of the study include prepration and development of a nanoencapsulation technique that offers stability, improve bioavailabilities and provide targeted drug release for a drug like zeaxanthin having broadspectrum benefits to the society. Considering all the shortcomings and therapeutic potential of zeaxanthin, cubosomal preparation encapsulating zeaxanthin has been prepared and evaluated for its antioxidant potential in the current study. Antioxidant compounds are used by the body to neutralize harmful free radicals and unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Zeaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (ZEA-LC) have been formulated and developed via top-down approach. The physicochemical characterizations of prepared formulations were made through entrapment efficiency, zeta potential and particle-size distribution. The morphology of ZEA-LC was visualized via FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of these studies confirmed the successful entrapment of the drug in the cubosomal formulation. The drug dissolution studies of ZEA-LC have been performed for 2&#xa0;h at 1.2 pH, and then at pH 6.8 for 36&#xa0;h. The ZEA-LC exhibited percentage cumulative drug release (%CDR) around 97.2 ± 2.12% over 36&#xa0;h of study, following Higuchi model (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.97) for drug release. Moreover, zeaxanthin when incorporated into cubosomes, showed the %RSA of 83.63 ± 5.53%, compared to zeaxanthin extract 43.62 ± 4.53% in DPPH assay.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Lipidic cubic phase zeaxanthin-loaded cubosomes: formulation, characterization and evaluation for antioxidant potential through DPPH assay

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月6日

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  • Sapna Kumari,
  • Anju Goyal,
  • Azmat Ali Khan,
  • Madhukar Garg,
  • Rakesh K. Sindhu,
  • Sabiha Fatima,
  • Samir Mallick

摘要

Zeaxanthin is a yellow-colored xanthophyll carotenoids that is mostly found in egg yolks and dark-green leafy foods. As a member of the xanthophyll family, it is extensively found in the skin and eyes of humans and some animals. Because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it serves vital physiological roles in our body. Several studies proved their extensive benefits as hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, in neurological disorders, as anticancer and in liver diseases. Being a lipophillic agent, zeaxanthin offered limited solubility in water, higher degree of instabilities, and less bioavailability which restrict its practical utility. Therefore, developing a viable drug delivery system that can overwhelm these constraints is the need of the hour. Since zeaxanthin is inherently poorly soluble in water and sensitive to light and heat, encapsulation is an essential step to preserve its advantageous qualities and increase its efficacy, which enables better absorption and utilization by the body, especially when used in food or as supplement. The main objectives of the study include prepration and development of a nanoencapsulation technique that offers stability, improve bioavailabilities and provide targeted drug release for a drug like zeaxanthin having broadspectrum benefits to the society. Considering all the shortcomings and therapeutic potential of zeaxanthin, cubosomal preparation encapsulating zeaxanthin has been prepared and evaluated for its antioxidant potential in the current study. Antioxidant compounds are used by the body to neutralize harmful free radicals and unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and contribute to chronic diseases like cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Zeaxanthin-loaded cubosomes (ZEA-LC) have been formulated and developed via top-down approach. The physicochemical characterizations of prepared formulations were made through entrapment efficiency, zeta potential and particle-size distribution. The morphology of ZEA-LC was visualized via FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of these studies confirmed the successful entrapment of the drug in the cubosomal formulation. The drug dissolution studies of ZEA-LC have been performed for 2 h at 1.2 pH, and then at pH 6.8 for 36 h. The ZEA-LC exhibited percentage cumulative drug release (%CDR) around 97.2 ± 2.12% over 36 h of study, following Higuchi model (R2 = 0.97) for drug release. Moreover, zeaxanthin when incorporated into cubosomes, showed the %RSA of 83.63 ± 5.53%, compared to zeaxanthin extract 43.62 ± 4.53% in DPPH assay.

Graphical abstract