Biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin via vanillic acid by a single isolate Burkholderia cenocepacia VW2
摘要
Vanillin, a common flavoring agent, faces increasing demand, prompting the development of sustainable production methods. An alternative strategy is to explore the possibility of transforming ferulic acid from natural raw materials into vanillin. In this study, the identified strain Burkholderia cenocepacia VW2, isolated and identified from vegetable waste soil, has shown the ability to convert ferulic acid to vanillin via vanillic acid. The thiobarbituric acid assay revealed that VW2 strain could produce 0.086 µg/ml of vanillin in 72 h in mineral salt ferulic acid medium (MSFM). HPLC analysis confirmed the formation of vanillin with a peak at 11.748 min retention time. UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS spectrum carried a peak, at 3.109 min with an m/z value of 153.058, representing the presence of vanillin. Further, whole genome sequencing (WGS) data revealed the organism carried ferulic acid catabolic genes such as trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase (fcs), vanillin dehydrogenase oxidoreductase protein, trans-feruloyl-CoA hydratase (fch), and vanillate-O-demethylase oxygenase. Many transporter and transcriptional regulator genes involved in the ferulic acid conversion were also identified from WGS. The strain VW2 exhibited the unique capability of transforming ferulic acid to vanillin via vanillic acid in a single-step transformation; whereas, in most of the reported cases, this capability is usually achieved by two strains across different steps. The strain could be an ideal tool for valorization of ferulic acid from agricultural residues for the production of vanillin.
Graphical Abstract