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<p>In this work, chitosan (CHS) carbohydrate biopolymer was modified with biomass of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> bacteria (BCLS) to produce a new biocomposite adsorbent (CHS@BCLS). Several analyses including XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, and pH<sub>pzc</sub> were utilized to investigate the properties of CHS@BCLS. The applicability of CHS@BCLS as an effective adsorbent was evaluated towards removal of toxic textile dye namely Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) from aqueous environment. A statistical modeling using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to optimize the CHS@BCLS efficacy in adsorbing RO16 dye. Thus, three independent parameters were involved in the experiment such as the dose of CHS@BCLS (A, 0.02–0.1&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;mL), the contact time (B, 20–180&#xa0;min), and the RO16 solution pH (C, 4–10). The kinetic study confirms that the adsorption of RO16 through the CHS@BCLS biocomposite follows a pseudo-second order (PSO). Furthermore, Freundlich isotherm model was the best model to describe the isotherm data, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity of CHS@BCLS biocomposite (<i>q</i><sub>max</sub>) was recorded to be 120&#xa0;mg/g. The biosorption of RO16 by the CHS@BCLS biocomposite is facilitated by several pathways including electrostatic forces, n-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Hence, the output of this research work shows the effectiveness of the CHS@BCLS biocomposite towards removal of toxic textile dyes from contaminated water.</p>

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Bacillus subtilis bacteria @ chitosan biopolymer for Reactive Orange 16 dye removal: multivariable optimization and desirability functions by response surface methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月17日

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  • Hasan M. Agha,
  • Ruihong Wu,
  • Ali H. Jawad,
  • Zeid A. ALOthman

摘要

In this work, chitosan (CHS) carbohydrate biopolymer was modified with biomass of Bacillus subtilis bacteria (BCLS) to produce a new biocomposite adsorbent (CHS@BCLS). Several analyses including XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, and pHpzc were utilized to investigate the properties of CHS@BCLS. The applicability of CHS@BCLS as an effective adsorbent was evaluated towards removal of toxic textile dye namely Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) from aqueous environment. A statistical modeling using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was implemented to optimize the CHS@BCLS efficacy in adsorbing RO16 dye. Thus, three independent parameters were involved in the experiment such as the dose of CHS@BCLS (A, 0.02–0.1 g/100 mL), the contact time (B, 20–180 min), and the RO16 solution pH (C, 4–10). The kinetic study confirms that the adsorption of RO16 through the CHS@BCLS biocomposite follows a pseudo-second order (PSO). Furthermore, Freundlich isotherm model was the best model to describe the isotherm data, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity of CHS@BCLS biocomposite (qmax) was recorded to be 120 mg/g. The biosorption of RO16 by the CHS@BCLS biocomposite is facilitated by several pathways including electrostatic forces, n-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Hence, the output of this research work shows the effectiveness of the CHS@BCLS biocomposite towards removal of toxic textile dyes from contaminated water.