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<p>The conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and carbohydrates to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is an attractive biomass transformation owing to the potential application of the resulting product as a fuel additive. In this work, the imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid was grafted on the surface of silica-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles using cyanuric chloride as linker, and such a magnetically separable solid acid catalyst is referred to as HSO<sub>4</sub>/SMNPs. The catalytic activity of HSO<sub>4</sub>/SMNPs was evaluated for the etherification of biomass-derived HMF with ethanol and sequential dehydration/etherification of sugars to produce EMF. The impact of various reaction parameters was studied to achieve the optimal yield of EMF. HSO<sub>4</sub>/SMNPs provided EMF yields of 94.3%, 68.2%, and 53.3% from HMF, fructose, and inulin in ethanol, respectively, without the need for high boiling point co-solvents. Extraordinarily, the catalyst can be readily separated from the reaction mixture by applying a permanent magnet and reused for five times without substantial activity decrease.</p>

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High-efficiency synthesis of 5‑ethoxymethylfurfural from biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and sugars catalyzed by magnetically recoverable hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Mahsa Niakan,
  • Chao Qian,
  • Shaodong Zhou

摘要

The conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and carbohydrates to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) is an attractive biomass transformation owing to the potential application of the resulting product as a fuel additive. In this work, the imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid was grafted on the surface of silica-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles using cyanuric chloride as linker, and such a magnetically separable solid acid catalyst is referred to as HSO4/SMNPs. The catalytic activity of HSO4/SMNPs was evaluated for the etherification of biomass-derived HMF with ethanol and sequential dehydration/etherification of sugars to produce EMF. The impact of various reaction parameters was studied to achieve the optimal yield of EMF. HSO4/SMNPs provided EMF yields of 94.3%, 68.2%, and 53.3% from HMF, fructose, and inulin in ethanol, respectively, without the need for high boiling point co-solvents. Extraordinarily, the catalyst can be readily separated from the reaction mixture by applying a permanent magnet and reused for five times without substantial activity decrease.