An effective method for developing cellulose-based polymer from spent lemongrass for use as packaging material
摘要
Cellulose is a sustainable, biodegradable alternative to petroleum-based plastics. This study explores cellulose extraction from spent lemongrass (SLG), an industrial by-product, highlighting its role in the bio-circular economy and its potential for developing eco-friendly packaging materials. Cellulose was extracted from SLG through alkaline, acidic, and bleaching treatments and used in packaging material preparation. It was blended with additives like cassava starch, soluble starch, and PVA to enhance its properties. The water holding capacities (g/g) were recorded as 408, 290.5, 215.6, 328.1, and 307.3%. SEM analysis revealed material compatibility, showing a significant reduction in fibre size and porosity, indicating a successful breakdown in controls like sequential pre-treated cellulose material. Cellulose-based material with additions like soluble starch, polyvinyl alcohol polymer, and cassava starch formed a composite structure, reducing porosity, filling voids, and creating sheath-like formations. These changes likely enhanced cellulose binding, improving its strength and performance. The FTIR spectra show four prominent absorption peaks at 3360 cm−1, 2906 cm−1, 1650 cm−1, and 1057 cm−1, corresponding to hydroxyl (-OH) groups, -CH groups, adsorbed water, and C-O groups in cellulose. The 1000–1200 cm−1 range is attributed to C–O–C and C–O bond stretching vibrations. The TGA and DSC analysis proves composite materials’ thermal stability. The study demonstrates the development of packaging materials with enhanced properties by adding starch and other additives. Further research is needed to explore additional characteristics for practical application.