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<p>Fungi-related skin infections have significantly increased recently, affecting people’s lives and causing embarrassing conditions. Dermatophytic fungi are key causes of these illnesses and belong to these three genera: <i>Trichophyton</i>, <i>Microsporum</i> and <i>Epidermophyton</i>. New, better and nontoxic alternatives are required since antifungal chemicals have adverse effects and are resistant. Nanotechnology is extensively employed in the pharmaceutical industry and has demonstrated efficacy as an antifungal agent. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized, characterized and applied&#xa0;in vitro to dermatophytes for their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The plant <i>Pogostemon cablin</i> is used to synthesize ZnO NPs. Although there are many methods for ZnO NP synthesis, these green synthesis methods are the cheapest and environment-friendly. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal phase of the wurtzite structure of 41.79&#xa0;nm ZnO NPs. The lambda max was obtained at 370&#xa0;nm during ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) analysis and band gap energy was found at 2.75&#xa0;eV from the Tauc plot. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the rod shape of nanoparticles and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDAX) confirmed the purity of nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirmed that ZnO NPs were good against all three dermatophytes, with the lowest concentration against <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> (0.462&#xa0;mg/mL). The ZnO NPs increase the leakage of intracellular materials compared with the control. This study concludes that the ZnO NPs have good antioxidant and antifungal activities, that is why they can be used as good, cheaper and environment-friendly alternatives to commercially available antifungals.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis, characterization and determination of antifungal and antioxidant activities of plant-derived zinc oxide nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月11日

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  • Mohee Shukla,
  • Satya Narain,
  • Saket Jha,
  • Ashwani Kumar,
  • Anupam Dikshit

摘要

Fungi-related skin infections have significantly increased recently, affecting people’s lives and causing embarrassing conditions. Dermatophytic fungi are key causes of these illnesses and belong to these three genera: Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. New, better and nontoxic alternatives are required since antifungal chemicals have adverse effects and are resistant. Nanotechnology is extensively employed in the pharmaceutical industry and has demonstrated efficacy as an antifungal agent. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized, characterized and applied in vitro to dermatophytes for their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The plant Pogostemon cablin is used to synthesize ZnO NPs. Although there are many methods for ZnO NP synthesis, these green synthesis methods are the cheapest and environment-friendly. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal phase of the wurtzite structure of 41.79 nm ZnO NPs. The lambda max was obtained at 370 nm during ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) analysis and band gap energy was found at 2.75 eV from the Tauc plot. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the rod shape of nanoparticles and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDAX) confirmed the purity of nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) confirmed that ZnO NPs were good against all three dermatophytes, with the lowest concentration against Trichophyton rubrum (0.462 mg/mL). The ZnO NPs increase the leakage of intracellular materials compared with the control. This study concludes that the ZnO NPs have good antioxidant and antifungal activities, that is why they can be used as good, cheaper and environment-friendly alternatives to commercially available antifungals.

Graphical abstract