<p>Hydrazine (N₂H₄) is a highly versatile industrial compound valued for its energetic properties, ease of oxidation, and chemical activity, making it indispensable in various applications such as rocket fuel. Currently, industrial-scale production of N₂H₄ relies solely on chemical processes. In nature, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize N₂H₄ in their metabolism, adding an interesting dimension to N₂H₄ production. Recent studies revealed that anammox bacteria could be considered a potential alternative bioenergy resource for N₂H₄. On the other hand, since N₂H₄ is produced at low concentrations in chemical reaction mixtures, numerous separation techniques have been investigated for this purpose and many patents have been filed over the years. Despite the extensive research on N₂H₄, there is a notable lack of comprehensive review studies, particularly focusing on N₂H₄ separation methods. Besides, advancements in N₂H₄ production routes have not been systematically reviewed in over a decade. Furthermore, there are currently no established methods for extracting N₂H₄ from biological systems. Within these frameworks, this review first highlighted advances in N₂H₄ (bio)production and separation processes, emphasizing critical aspects such as efficiency, safety, and technological progress. Then, several separation methods were suggested for extracting N₂H₄ from biological matrices, considering separation approaches used in chemical reaction mixtures and synthetic wastewater compositions employed in N₂H₄ biosynthesis.&#xa0;This review provides valuable insight into the detailed, historical, holistic, and up-to-date analysis of hydrazine research, spanning its production methods to separation techniques, for researchers and various industries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>