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<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction on the yield, chemical composition, and biological activities of essential oils of <i>Tagetes patula</i> flowers. The chemical composition was explored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) that revealed terpinolene, piperitenone, β-caryophyllene, and (E)-tagetone as major constituents of both UAHD and HD oils. In addition, a few more compounds such as menthol, eucalyptol, inositol, and eugenol were identified in UAHD oil. FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR were studied to know about the different functional groups present in the oils. The morphological analysis of the petals post-UAHD extraction showed ultrasound pretreatment caused structural damages to cellular membranes and walls, which help oil access to the solvent resulting in a higher yield. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using standard protocols. The antioxidant activity of the oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, the oil demonstrated prominent antibacterial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i> with inhibition diameters and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 11.3 to 18.0&#xa0;mm and 7.8 to 60.0&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. The UAHD-extracted oil was investigated for its biofilm inhibition potency against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, and it depicted good antibiofilm activity. Overall, the results of this study put forth ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil is a promising technique and that the UAHD-extracted oil will reap better benefits in pharmaceutical industry beneficial to mankind.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Essential oils of Tagetes patula: a study on ultrasound-assisted extraction, characterization, and in vitro biological profiles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月23日

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  • Darshni Mohanty,
  • Ganeswar Dalei,
  • Subhraseema Das,
  • Debasis Jena,
  • Bijnyan Ranjan Das

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction on the yield, chemical composition, and biological activities of essential oils of Tagetes patula flowers. The chemical composition was explored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) that revealed terpinolene, piperitenone, β-caryophyllene, and (E)-tagetone as major constituents of both UAHD and HD oils. In addition, a few more compounds such as menthol, eucalyptol, inositol, and eugenol were identified in UAHD oil. FTIR and 1H NMR were studied to know about the different functional groups present in the oils. The morphological analysis of the petals post-UAHD extraction showed ultrasound pretreatment caused structural damages to cellular membranes and walls, which help oil access to the solvent resulting in a higher yield. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using standard protocols. The antioxidant activity of the oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, the oil demonstrated prominent antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli with inhibition diameters and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 11.3 to 18.0 mm and 7.8 to 60.0 µg/mL, respectively. The UAHD-extracted oil was investigated for its biofilm inhibition potency against S. aureus and E. coli, and it depicted good antibiofilm activity. Overall, the results of this study put forth ultrasound-assisted extraction of oil is a promising technique and that the UAHD-extracted oil will reap better benefits in pharmaceutical industry beneficial to mankind.

Graphical Abstract