Investigation on functional properties of environmental bio-dyeing of silk fabric using Punica granatum biomass

This study examines the color strength, moisture management, antimicrobial, and UV protection properties of silk fabric dyed with the Punica granatum peel extract. Plain woven silk fabric samples were dyed with Punica granatum peel extract using three different process parameters such as dyeing pH (5, 7, 9), dye concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%), and dyeing duration(60 min, 90 min, 120 min). The fabric sample that was created with a pH of 7, 4% dye concentration, and 120 min of dyeing demonstrated superior antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and Anti-fungal bacteria. Colorimetric characteristics of Punica granatum peel-dyed silk fabric were also analyzed, and the optimum K/S value was obtained as 31.6. Moisture management indices such as wetting time, absorption rate, wetting radius, spreading speed, AOTI, and overall moisture management property were analyzed on the dyed samples. Subsequently, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of the dyed fabric was measured as 50 + (excellent). Subsequently, an XRD analysis was conducted on both dyed and undyed silk fabrics.