Statistical optimization for comparative study of microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques for phenolic compounds recovery from Jasmine leaf extracts

This study focus was on the optimization and evaluation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in Jasmine leaf extract using microwave and ultrasonication-assisted extraction methods. Bioactive compounds, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds, were extracted by evaluating various process parameters. The optimized leaf extract was assessed based on solute-to-solvent ratio, microwave power, extraction time, and frequency. The optimized results from microwave-assisted extraction yielded a total phenolic content of 180.05 mg/g and a total flavonoid content of 60.5 mg/g in the extract. In contrast, the ultrasonication-assisted extraction achieved a higher yield, with a total phenolic content of 210.8 mg/g and a total flavonoid content of 90.4 mg/g in the extract. The extract contained significant amounts of gallic acid (13.49%), rutin (37.37%), and octadecenoic acid (23.98%). Additionally, esters, aromatic compound derivatives, and unsaturated fatty acids were highlighted in the extract owing to their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial applications. The antioxidant activity of Jasmine leaf extract was evaluated using both extraction methods, with the ultrasonication-assisted extract showing significantly higher effectiveness. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology with a face-centered composite design model. This study provides new data on the chemical composition of Jasmine leaf extract and its sources, offering valuable insights for various applications. However, detailed investigations are still needed to isolate compounds from optimized extracts for various applications.