Mechanical and flammability properties of ultrasonically processed silane-treated areca-banana fiber-reinforced epoxy composites for lightweight applications

Synthetic fiber-based polymers constitute a significant pollution source; however, their elimination is challenging due to their extensive applications. The properties of the natural fibers can be enhanced through chemical treatment. In this study, areca fibers, subjected to ultrasonic modification with silane, were utilized in various stacking sequences, and banana fibers were used without modification. The tri-layer epoxy composites were developed following four stacking sequences using a hand layup process. The mechanical, flammability, and morphological characteristics of the developed composites were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate the modification of fibers after silane treatment. Morphological investigations using scanning electron microscope revealed an excellent interfacial bond between the chemically treated fibers and the matrix, leading to a 15% improvement in ultimate tensile strength, 20% in hardness, 34% in ultimate flexural strength, and 18% in impact properties. This signifies the impact of surface modification on areca fibers and stacking sequence. The results showed that fiber-matrix interaction played a crucial role in controlling the performance characteristics of the developed composites.