Synthesis of amine-functionalized ZrO₂ nanoparticles from Phyllanthus niruri extracts-vinyl ester composite coating material for printer applications

This study introduces a novel approach to synthesize amine-functionalized ZrO₂ nanoparticles using extracts from Phyllanthus niruri, with a specific focus on tailoring a vinyl ester composite coating material for printer applications. The successful synthesis of nanoparticles paved the way for a systematic characterization of the resulting specimens, following American society of testing and materials standards, to comprehensively evaluate their structural and mechanical properties. The compositional variations of the synthesized composites, particularly those treated with silane, revealed remarkable enhancements in mechanical, wear, and thermal conductivity properties. Among these compositions, composite contains 1 vol. % of silane-treated ZrO₂ particles showcasing exceptional mechanical attributes with high tensile and flexural strength of 86.4 MPa and 148.2 MPa, respectively. EZ33 also demonstrated superior wear resistance, leading to a reduced coefficient of friction of 0.231 and a diminished specific wear rate of 0.01 mm³/Nm. Furthermore, EZ33 exhibited impressive thermal conductivity of 1.633 W/mK. The study underscores the significant improvement in composite properties achieved through the inclusion of silane-treated ZrO₂ particles, as compared to their untreated counterparts. These results confirm the potential applicability of the synthesized composite in a variety of printing applications, offering enhanced mechanical strength, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity.