Green synthesis approach of nanoparticle CuFe₂O₄ with the assistance of chlorella green microalgae biomass extract

The antibacterial properties of copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄) nanoparticles are evaluated as a function of pH, temperature, and reaction time. Chlorella green microalgae extract was used as a capping agent for copper ferrite nanoparticles (NTFs) made from green synthesis and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results by ICSD standard #153,013 showed that NTFs synthesized with microalgae biomass extract and NaOH at pH 12 and 180 °C for 8 h or NaOH alone produced face-centered cubic structures with space group Fd₃mZ. At pH 12 and 180 °C for 8 h, NTFs synthesized from microalgae biomass extract and NaOH have a size of 24 nm. The NTFs synthesized at 180 °C for 8 h at pH12 with microalgae biomass extract and NaOH, as well as with NaOH alone, have round shapes, although some of them are agglomerated. It was found that gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria were both affected by copper ferrite nanoparticles applied via diffusion. A synthesized NTF inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria at pH10 and pH12 when synthesized for 8 h at 180 °C.