Enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green in environmental samples using Java plum leaves: from equilibrium to mechanism studies

This study investigates Java Plum Leaves Powder (JPLP) as a cost-effective biosorbent for malachite green (MG) removal from water, achieving up to 95% efficiency under optimal conditions: pH 7, 75 min contact time, 30 mg L^-1 initial dye concentration, and 2.5 g L⁻¹ biosorbent dose. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed the biosorbent's detailed morphology and chemistry, highlighting functional groups key to MG adsorption. The Freundlich isotherm model fitting suggests a preference for heterogeneous adsorption sites, supported by kinetic data aligning with a pseudo-second-order model. JPLP demonstrated a high adsorption capacity (140 mg g⁻¹), effective in river and tap water, marking it as a sustainable, affordable solution for dye pollution. This research offers significant insights into dye removal and environmental remediation, establishing JPLP as a viable, eco-friendly alternative for aqueous dye pollution mitigation and a practical option for water purification.