Green synthesis of bimetallic Se@TiO₂NPs and their formulation into biopolymers and their utilization as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and healing agent in vitro

A promising combination of two nanoparticles that typically exhibit synergetic behaviors is called bimetallic nanoparticles. The synthesis of bimetallic selenium and titanium oxide nanoparticles (Se@TiO₂NPs) in the current work was carried out using green creator Talaromyces pinophilus. A green technique was employed to create formulated nanoparticles into biopolymers (nanocomposite) using carboxymethylcellulose and starch. Se@TiO₂NPs and nanocomposite characteristics were carried out via physicochemical including FITR and XRD and topographical characterization including FESEM and HRTEM. Se@TiO₂NPs diameters were 25 nm and the nanocomposite was noticed as a nano matrix and was found to have confirmed nanostructures. More inhibitory action was observed using nanocomposite than Se@TiO₂NPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Mucor circinelloid with inhibition zones of 21, 23, 25, 29, 16, and 18 mm using nanocomposite, while it was 19, 21, 24, 26, 13, and 12 mm using Se@TiO₂NPs, respectively. Nanocomposite revealed low values of MIC (62.5, 31.25, and 7.8 µg/mL) in contrast to the MIC values of Se@TiO₂NPs (125, 62.5, and 15.62 µg/mL) toward S. aureus, S. typhi, and C. albicans, respectively. DPPH scavenging % and α-amylase inhibition % were more affected by nanocomposite (IC₅₀, 41.40 µg/mL and 8.82 µg/mL, respectively) than Se@TiO₂NPs (IC₅₀, 103.41 µg/mL and IC₅₀, 12.96 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, healing properties of nanocomposite were better than Se@TiO₂NPs.