<p>We deal with a reverse Carleson measure inequality for the tent spaces of analytic functions in the unit disc <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {D}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the complex plane. The tent spaces of measurable functions were introduced by Coifman, Meyer and Stein. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1\le p,q &lt; \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and consider the measurable set <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G \subseteq {{\mathbb {D}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition on <i>G</i> in order to exist a constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>K</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <Equation ID="Equ21"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_Equ21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="58" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="564" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \int _{{{\mathbb {T}}}} \left( \int _{\Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )\cap G} |f(z)|^{p}\ \frac{dm(z)}{1-|z|} \right) ^{q/p}\ |d\xi |\ge K \,\int _{{{\mathbb {T}}}} \left( \int _{\Gamma _{1/2}(\xi )} |f(z)|^{p}\ \frac{dm(z)}{1-|z|}\right) ^{q/p}\ |d\xi |, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>K</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>for any analytic function <i>f</i> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {D}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the property, the right term of the inequality above is finite. Here <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {T}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> stands for the unit circle, <i>dm</i>(<i>z</i>) is the area Lebesgue measure in <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {D}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the cone-like region <Equation ID="Equ22"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_Equ22.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="358" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )=\left\{ z\in \mathbb {D}\,\ |z|&lt;\beta \right\} \cup \bigcup _{|z|&lt;\beta } [z,\xi ),\quad \beta \in (0,1), \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mi>z</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>β</mi> </mfenced> <mo>∪</mo> <munder> <mo>⋃</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>β</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with vertex at <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\xi \in \mathbb {T}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">T</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This work extends the study of D. Luecking on Bergman spaces to the analytic tent spaces. We apply this result in order to characterize the closed range property of the integration operator <Equation ID="Equ23"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_Equ23.gif" Format="GIF" Height="41" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="278" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} T_g(f)(z)=\int _0^z f(w)g'(w)\ dw,\quad z\in {{\mathbb {D}}}, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>z</mi> </msubsup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>g</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mi>d</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>z</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>when acting on the average radial integrability spaces. The Hardy and the Bergman spaces form part of this family. The function <i>g</i> is a fixed analytic function in the unit disc. The operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is known as Pommerenke operator. Moreover, for the first time, we provide examples of symbols <i>g</i> that introduce or not a closed range operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13398_2025_1733_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_g\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mi>g</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in these spaces.</p>

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Inequalities on tent spaces and closed range integration operators on spaces of average radial integrability

  • Tanausú Aguilar-Hernández,
  • Petros Galanopoulos

摘要

We deal with a reverse Carleson measure inequality for the tent spaces of analytic functions in the unit disc \(\mathbb {D}\) D of the complex plane. The tent spaces of measurable functions were introduced by Coifman, Meyer and Stein. Let \(1\le p,q < \infty \) 1 p , q < and consider the measurable set \(G \subseteq {{\mathbb {D}}}\) G D . We prove a necessary and sufficient condition on G in order to exist a constant \(K>0\) K > 0 such that \(\begin{aligned} \int _{{{\mathbb {T}}}} \left( \int _{\Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )\cap G} |f(z)|^{p}\ \frac{dm(z)}{1-|z|} \right) ^{q/p}\ |d\xi |\ge K \,\int _{{{\mathbb {T}}}} \left( \int _{\Gamma _{1/2}(\xi )} |f(z)|^{p}\ \frac{dm(z)}{1-|z|}\right) ^{q/p}\ |d\xi |, \end{aligned}\) T Γ β ( ξ ) G | f ( z ) | p d m ( z ) 1 - | z | q / p | d ξ | K T Γ 1 / 2 ( ξ ) | f ( z ) | p d m ( z ) 1 - | z | q / p | d ξ | , for any analytic function f in \(\mathbb {D}\) D with the property, the right term of the inequality above is finite. Here \(\mathbb {T}\) T stands for the unit circle, dm(z) is the area Lebesgue measure in \(\mathbb {D}\) D and \(\Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )\) Γ β ( ξ ) is the cone-like region \(\begin{aligned} \Gamma _{\beta }(\xi )=\left\{ z\in \mathbb {D}\,\ |z|<\beta \right\} \cup \bigcup _{|z|<\beta } [z,\xi ),\quad \beta \in (0,1), \end{aligned}\) Γ β ( ξ ) = z D | z | < β | z | < β [ z , ξ ) , β ( 0 , 1 ) , with vertex at \(\xi \in \mathbb {T}\) ξ T . This work extends the study of D. Luecking on Bergman spaces to the analytic tent spaces. We apply this result in order to characterize the closed range property of the integration operator \(\begin{aligned} T_g(f)(z)=\int _0^z f(w)g'(w)\ dw,\quad z\in {{\mathbb {D}}}, \end{aligned}\) T g ( f ) ( z ) = 0 z f ( w ) g ( w ) d w , z D , when acting on the average radial integrability spaces. The Hardy and the Bergman spaces form part of this family. The function g is a fixed analytic function in the unit disc. The operator \(T_g\) T g is known as Pommerenke operator. Moreover, for the first time, we provide examples of symbols g that introduce or not a closed range operator \(T_g\) T g in these spaces.