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<p>We report the incorporation of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid potassium salt (MESK) as a multifunctional additive in metal-halide perovskite solar cells to enhance crystallinity and suppress defect formation. The sulfonate (-SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) and ether (-O-) groups in MESK act as Lewis bases to promote vertical crystal orientation, while the K<sup>+</sup> ions mitigate defect formation at grain boundaries and interstitial sites. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices improved significantly from 15.09 to 18.03%. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we performed in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) during the spin-coating process. The GIWAXS data revealed that MESK induces the formation of intermediate phases prior to the crystallization of the perovskite structure, thereby retarding the crystallization dynamics. This delayed crystallization facilitates crystal growth and the preferential ordering of perovskite films. Our findings highlight the potential of MESK as a versatile additive for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Passivation Strategy for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Multifunctional Lewis Base Potassium Salt Additive

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Seungbu Han,
  • Seungyeon Hong,
  • Sung Hun Lee,
  • Kukhyun Jo,
  • Hyo Jung Kim

摘要

We report the incorporation of 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid potassium salt (MESK) as a multifunctional additive in metal-halide perovskite solar cells to enhance crystallinity and suppress defect formation. The sulfonate (-SO3−) and ether (-O-) groups in MESK act as Lewis bases to promote vertical crystal orientation, while the K+ ions mitigate defect formation at grain boundaries and interstitial sites. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices improved significantly from 15.09 to 18.03%. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we performed in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) during the spin-coating process. The GIWAXS data revealed that MESK induces the formation of intermediate phases prior to the crystallization of the perovskite structure, thereby retarding the crystallization dynamics. This delayed crystallization facilitates crystal growth and the preferential ordering of perovskite films. Our findings highlight the potential of MESK as a versatile additive for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.

Graphical Abstract