<p>In the present paper we characterize 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-forms admitting some solitons such as Einstein solitons, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Einstein solitons,<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Ricci solitons, gradient <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Ricci solitons and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Yamabe solitons. First we show that an Einstein soliton on a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> becomes a Ricci soliton and the soliton is shrinking, steady and expanding according as <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="127" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((f_1 - f_3) &lt; 0, = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(&gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f_3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are smooth functions. Also, we establish that if a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> admits a gradient <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Ricci soliton with potential function <i>f</i>, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="24" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f = log(\frac{f_1-f_3}{k})^2,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>g</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mfrac> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <i>k</i> is a constant. Next, we prove that if a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="91" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13370_2024_1233_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\eta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>η</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-Yamabe soliton, then the soliton reduces to a Yamabe soliton and the scalar curvature is constant. Finally, we construct an example which proves the existence of our results.</p>

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Different solitons associated with 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-forms

  • Arpan Sardar,
  • Avijit Sarkar

摘要

In the present paper we characterize 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-forms admitting some solitons such as Einstein solitons, \(\eta \) η -Einstein solitons, \(\eta \) η -Ricci solitons, gradient \(\eta \) η -Ricci solitons and \(\eta \) η -Yamabe solitons. First we show that an Einstein soliton on a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form \(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\) M ( f 1 , f 2 , f 3 ) becomes a Ricci soliton and the soliton is shrinking, steady and expanding according as \((f_1 - f_3) < 0, = 0\) ( f 1 - f 3 ) < 0 , = 0 and \(> 0\) > 0 , respectively, where \(f_1\) f 1 , \(f_2\) f 2 and \(f_3\) f 3 are smooth functions. Also, we establish that if a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form \(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\) M ( f 1 , f 2 , f 3 ) admits a gradient \(\eta \) η -Ricci soliton with potential function f, then \(f = log(\frac{f_1-f_3}{k})^2,\) f = l o g ( f 1 - f 3 k ) 2 , where k is a constant. Next, we prove that if a 3-dimensional generalized Sasakian-space-form \(M(f_1,f_2,f_3)\) M ( f 1 , f 2 , f 3 ) is an \(\eta \) η -Yamabe soliton, then the soliton reduces to a Yamabe soliton and the scalar curvature is constant. Finally, we construct an example which proves the existence of our results.