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<p>This paper presents a high-linearity CMOS current-to-time converter (CTC) designed for direct-sensing applications. Linearity is enhanced by incorporating an inverse-function block, and the overall architecture exhibits strong resilience to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The circuit employs MOSFETs operating in the saturation region to enable high-frequency performance. The proposed design was verified through simulations in Cadence Virtuoso using a 0.18&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\upmu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>m TSMC CMOS process and operates with a 1.25&#xa0;V DC supply. Simulation results demonstrate an input current range of up to 1.6&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\upmu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>A, a maximum temperature-induced error of 0.5%, and approximately 3% variation due to process fluctuations. The converter supports operation at frequencies up to 1 MHz, and achieving a peak linearity error of 1.8.</p>

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Realization of a Highly Linear Current-to-Time Converter for Direct Sensing Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Mazen Aboulezz,
  • Muneer A. Al-Absi

摘要

This paper presents a high-linearity CMOS current-to-time converter (CTC) designed for direct-sensing applications. Linearity is enhanced by incorporating an inverse-function block, and the overall architecture exhibits strong resilience to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. The circuit employs MOSFETs operating in the saturation region to enable high-frequency performance. The proposed design was verified through simulations in Cadence Virtuoso using a 0.18  \(\upmu \) μ m TSMC CMOS process and operates with a 1.25 V DC supply. Simulation results demonstrate an input current range of up to 1.6  \(\upmu \) μ A, a maximum temperature-induced error of 0.5%, and approximately 3% variation due to process fluctuations. The converter supports operation at frequencies up to 1 MHz, and achieving a peak linearity error of 1.8.