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<p>Solar desalination serves as an eco-friendly approach for the generation of freshwater from seawater. But low efficiency and ineffective thermal energy utilization have become bottlenecks for their widespread adoption. In this context, the present study reports experimental investigations into the performance improvement in solar desalination resulting from the joint influence of the solar still geometry and the PCM encapsulation at the macro-scale. In this regard, three types of solar still were developed, i.e., conventional solar still (CSS), double slope solar still (DSSS), and hemispherical solar still (HSSS), under the same operating conditions using lauric acid as PCM via a unique inverted copper U-tube technique. It was found that the hemispherical shape provided better solar collection and lower vapor flow resistance, thereby enhancing performance. The basin water temperature was 56&#xa0;°C, whereas it was 53&#xa0;°C in DSSS and 51&#xa0;°C in CSS, resulting in complete PCM melting. Also, the positive temperature gradient was seen as higher in HSSS after sunset, with post-sunset yield being 1030&#xa0;mL/m<sup>2</sup>. A daily yield of 3240&#xa0;mL/m<sup>2</sup> was recorded in HSSS, which was 37.87 and 25.58% more than CSS and DSSS, respectively. The thermal and exergetic efficiencies were recorded as 44.22 and 3.4%, respectively. The heat transfer analysis revealed a 52.72% increase in the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and a 58% decrease in vapor flow resistance in HSSS. The payback time was around 8.6&#xa0;months, whereas CO<sub>2</sub> savings were 565.65&#xa0;kg/year.</p>

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Experimental Study of Single Slope, Double Slope and Hemispherical Condenser Geometry with Macro-Encapsulation of Heat Storage Material to Enhance Energy-Exergy of Solar Still: A Sustainable Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Vikash Kumar Chauhan,
  • Pushkar Singh

摘要

Solar desalination serves as an eco-friendly approach for the generation of freshwater from seawater. But low efficiency and ineffective thermal energy utilization have become bottlenecks for their widespread adoption. In this context, the present study reports experimental investigations into the performance improvement in solar desalination resulting from the joint influence of the solar still geometry and the PCM encapsulation at the macro-scale. In this regard, three types of solar still were developed, i.e., conventional solar still (CSS), double slope solar still (DSSS), and hemispherical solar still (HSSS), under the same operating conditions using lauric acid as PCM via a unique inverted copper U-tube technique. It was found that the hemispherical shape provided better solar collection and lower vapor flow resistance, thereby enhancing performance. The basin water temperature was 56 °C, whereas it was 53 °C in DSSS and 51 °C in CSS, resulting in complete PCM melting. Also, the positive temperature gradient was seen as higher in HSSS after sunset, with post-sunset yield being 1030 mL/m2. A daily yield of 3240 mL/m2 was recorded in HSSS, which was 37.87 and 25.58% more than CSS and DSSS, respectively. The thermal and exergetic efficiencies were recorded as 44.22 and 3.4%, respectively. The heat transfer analysis revealed a 52.72% increase in the evaporative heat transfer coefficient and a 58% decrease in vapor flow resistance in HSSS. The payback time was around 8.6 months, whereas CO2 savings were 565.65 kg/year.