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<p>Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge remains a polluting component and poses environmental risk because of its organic content and toxic compounds, contaminating soil and water. Anaerobic digestion (AD) provides a sustainable way to convert wastewater sludge into biogas. However, its efficiency is often hindered by the slow hydrolysis of organic matter. The ultrasound pretreatment, in this context, remains promising to improve the breaking, solubilization, and biodegradability of sludge organic content and facilitate the AD process for maximum biogas yield. The present work optimized the ultrasonic pretreatment conditions for enhancing sludge solubilization and improving AD performance, using soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) as an indicator of biogas potential. A central composite design within response surface methodology (RSM) evaluated the effects of ultrasonication power (350–650 W), temperature (20–50&#xa0;°C), and exposure time (0–30&#xa0;min) on sCOD solubilization. Maximum sCOD (675&#xa0;mg/L) was achieved at 475 W, 35&#xa0;°C, and 30&#xa0;min. The effects from the Pareto chart (α = 2.228) and analysis of variance (ANOVA, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.95), along with chi-squared (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.594) and normalized standard deviation (0.67%), confirmed the model’s robustness, identifying ultrasound power as the most significant factor, followed by power-time interaction, while temperature and time showed lesser individual impacts. The ultrasonic pretreatment with RSM-optimized conditions doubled the biogas yield and enhanced methane content compared to untreated sludge, possibly due to accelerated hydrolysis, particle size reduction, and biodegradability of sludge. RSM findings were validated with the experimental biogas yields and methane percentage, with and without ultrasound-pretreated wastewater sludge. Thus, ultrasonic pretreatment remained a promising, environmentally friendly strategy for improving biogas recovery from wastewater sludge.</p>

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Ultrasound-Assisted Pretreatment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge for Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production: RSM Optimization and Experimental Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Mohammed K. Al Mesfer,
  • Khursheed B. Ansari,
  • Abubakr Elkhaleefa,
  • Mohd Danish,
  • Mumtaj Shah,
  • Mohd Danish

摘要

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge remains a polluting component and poses environmental risk because of its organic content and toxic compounds, contaminating soil and water. Anaerobic digestion (AD) provides a sustainable way to convert wastewater sludge into biogas. However, its efficiency is often hindered by the slow hydrolysis of organic matter. The ultrasound pretreatment, in this context, remains promising to improve the breaking, solubilization, and biodegradability of sludge organic content and facilitate the AD process for maximum biogas yield. The present work optimized the ultrasonic pretreatment conditions for enhancing sludge solubilization and improving AD performance, using soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) as an indicator of biogas potential. A central composite design within response surface methodology (RSM) evaluated the effects of ultrasonication power (350–650 W), temperature (20–50 °C), and exposure time (0–30 min) on sCOD solubilization. Maximum sCOD (675 mg/L) was achieved at 475 W, 35 °C, and 30 min. The effects from the Pareto chart (α = 2.228) and analysis of variance (ANOVA, R2 = 0.95), along with chi-squared (χ2 = 0.594) and normalized standard deviation (0.67%), confirmed the model’s robustness, identifying ultrasound power as the most significant factor, followed by power-time interaction, while temperature and time showed lesser individual impacts. The ultrasonic pretreatment with RSM-optimized conditions doubled the biogas yield and enhanced methane content compared to untreated sludge, possibly due to accelerated hydrolysis, particle size reduction, and biodegradability of sludge. RSM findings were validated with the experimental biogas yields and methane percentage, with and without ultrasound-pretreated wastewater sludge. Thus, ultrasonic pretreatment remained a promising, environmentally friendly strategy for improving biogas recovery from wastewater sludge.