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<p>To address the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with using traditional cement for stabilizing loess, this study employed sodium silicate to activate ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer for loess stabilization. Through UCS tests, durability tests, and microstructural analysis, the effects of sodium silicate modulus and alkali content on loess stabilization were systematically investigated. The study revealed the microstructural mechanisms and durability degradation mechanisms of geopolymer-cured loess and analyzed its CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and energy consumption, comparing the results with cement-cured loess. The results indicated that the optimal sodium silicate modulus, alkali content, and curing age for geopolymer-cured loess were 1.5, 1.5%, and 28&#xa0;days, respectively, with compressive strength significantly higher than that of cement-cured loess. With increasing dry–wet cycles, the UCS of stabilized loess initially increased and then decreased. After 12 dry–wet cycles, the cumulative mass loss rate of different stabilized soils remained below 20%. The surface crack rate of different stabilized loess samples increased with the number of dry–wet cycles, reaching up to 2.21% for W15A15. Under dry–wet cycling, the geopolymer-cured loess generated more cementitious products through secondary polymerization reactions, which reduced porosity and improved compressive strength. The <i>E</i><sub>f</sub> and <i>C</i><sub>f</sub> values for the W15A15 sample were reduced by 49.37% and 85.26%, respectively, compared to cement-cured soil, supporting sustainability. The study provides theoretical references for the application of geopolymer-cured loess in practical engineering.</p>

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Study on Mechanical Properties, Dry–Wet Durability and Sustainability of Slag-Based Geopolymer-Stabilized Loess

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Wei Yun,
  • Wei Tian,
  • Wenhao He,
  • Lu Li

摘要

To address the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with using traditional cement for stabilizing loess, this study employed sodium silicate to activate ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based geopolymer for loess stabilization. Through UCS tests, durability tests, and microstructural analysis, the effects of sodium silicate modulus and alkali content on loess stabilization were systematically investigated. The study revealed the microstructural mechanisms and durability degradation mechanisms of geopolymer-cured loess and analyzed its CO2 emissions and energy consumption, comparing the results with cement-cured loess. The results indicated that the optimal sodium silicate modulus, alkali content, and curing age for geopolymer-cured loess were 1.5, 1.5%, and 28 days, respectively, with compressive strength significantly higher than that of cement-cured loess. With increasing dry–wet cycles, the UCS of stabilized loess initially increased and then decreased. After 12 dry–wet cycles, the cumulative mass loss rate of different stabilized soils remained below 20%. The surface crack rate of different stabilized loess samples increased with the number of dry–wet cycles, reaching up to 2.21% for W15A15. Under dry–wet cycling, the geopolymer-cured loess generated more cementitious products through secondary polymerization reactions, which reduced porosity and improved compressive strength. The Ef and Cf values for the W15A15 sample were reduced by 49.37% and 85.26%, respectively, compared to cement-cured soil, supporting sustainability. The study provides theoretical references for the application of geopolymer-cured loess in practical engineering.