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<p>In the present study, a four-port microstrip-fed fractal antenna array is modeled, computationally simulated, and validated through experimentation for ultrawideband operation with quad-stopband capability. The array is arranged on a 1.57-mm-thick FR-4 dielectric substrate measuring 55 × 36 × 1.64&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup>. It is mainly composed of four semi-circular radiating units (each fused with the 2<sup>nd</sup> iterative Koch curve fractal) fused with defected ground structure (DGS) and decoupling network approaches, intended to realize a fractional bandwidth of 116.21% (3.18–12&#xa0;GHz) with a considerable decrease in coupling effects among the array ports. In contrast to the conventional circular patch, the designed fractal patch geometry reduced the patch area by 41.15%. To eradicate the interference resulting from the licensed narrow frequency ranges, particularly satellite C-band (downlink: 3.67–4.18&#xa0;GHz), WLAN (5.16–5.858&#xa0;GHz), ITU-8 (7.88–8.38&#xa0;GHz), and amateur radio (10.02–10.88&#xa0;GHz) in the functional UWB, the fractal patches and feedlines are fused with various stopband elements (modified complementary SRR, SRR pairs, and U-shaped slot) to accomplish the quad-band suppression ability. Different diversity measures are assessed and are observed to adhere to their standard thresholds, demonstrating a favorable correspondence between simulated and tested results. The designed array meets the escalating demands of a size-efficient antenna compatible with handheld electronic devices, supporting the real-time 5G/IoT-based applications.</p>

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Fractal-Based Compact Four-Port UWB MIMO Antenna with Quad-Band Filtering Ability for 5G/IoT-Enabled Wireless Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月2日

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  • Arashpreet K. Sohi

摘要

In the present study, a four-port microstrip-fed fractal antenna array is modeled, computationally simulated, and validated through experimentation for ultrawideband operation with quad-stopband capability. The array is arranged on a 1.57-mm-thick FR-4 dielectric substrate measuring 55 × 36 × 1.64 mm3. It is mainly composed of four semi-circular radiating units (each fused with the 2nd iterative Koch curve fractal) fused with defected ground structure (DGS) and decoupling network approaches, intended to realize a fractional bandwidth of 116.21% (3.18–12 GHz) with a considerable decrease in coupling effects among the array ports. In contrast to the conventional circular patch, the designed fractal patch geometry reduced the patch area by 41.15%. To eradicate the interference resulting from the licensed narrow frequency ranges, particularly satellite C-band (downlink: 3.67–4.18 GHz), WLAN (5.16–5.858 GHz), ITU-8 (7.88–8.38 GHz), and amateur radio (10.02–10.88 GHz) in the functional UWB, the fractal patches and feedlines are fused with various stopband elements (modified complementary SRR, SRR pairs, and U-shaped slot) to accomplish the quad-band suppression ability. Different diversity measures are assessed and are observed to adhere to their standard thresholds, demonstrating a favorable correspondence between simulated and tested results. The designed array meets the escalating demands of a size-efficient antenna compatible with handheld electronic devices, supporting the real-time 5G/IoT-based applications.