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<p>This study addresses the dual challenges of resource depletion and environmental degradation stemming from the suboptimal utilization of global solid waste streams. Herein, we systematically investigate how the incorporation dosage of a composite ultra-fine powder admixture (comprising lead–zinc tailings, steel slag, and blast furnace slag), water-to-binder ratio, polycarboxylate superplasticizer dosage, curing condition, and curing age collectively govern the mechanical strength of cementitious mortars. Our key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Superplasticizer dosage emerges as the dominant factor dictating mortar strength; a dosage of 1.5% by binder weight yields a compressive strength of 24.0 MPa following 90 days of standard curing. (2) The optimal water-to-binder ratio falls within the range of 0.43–0.47, with the recommended incorporation level of multi-source solid waste ultra-fine powder specified as 20–40% of the cementitious material mass. (3) Curing regimes exert a discernible influence on the compressive strength development of mortar specimens, with temperature–humidity coupling effects modulating long-term strength gain. (4) The proportionality between ultra-fine powder admixture and water-to-binder ratio, in conjunction with the magnitude of polycarboxylate superplasticizer dosage, synergistically affects the mechanical performance of the cementitious system. This work establishes a quantitative ratio optimization framework for valorizing multi-source solid wastes in construction materials, thereby facilitating the scalable recycling of industrial by-products and advancing the transition toward low-carbon construction ecosystems.</p>

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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Strength of Cement Mortar with Multi-source Solid Waste Ultra-fine Powder Admixture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Liu Jifeng,
  • Zhang Huizhi,
  • Lu Jian,
  • Lin Xin,
  • Qiu Chunlong,
  • Lin Shengyuan

摘要

This study addresses the dual challenges of resource depletion and environmental degradation stemming from the suboptimal utilization of global solid waste streams. Herein, we systematically investigate how the incorporation dosage of a composite ultra-fine powder admixture (comprising lead–zinc tailings, steel slag, and blast furnace slag), water-to-binder ratio, polycarboxylate superplasticizer dosage, curing condition, and curing age collectively govern the mechanical strength of cementitious mortars. Our key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Superplasticizer dosage emerges as the dominant factor dictating mortar strength; a dosage of 1.5% by binder weight yields a compressive strength of 24.0 MPa following 90 days of standard curing. (2) The optimal water-to-binder ratio falls within the range of 0.43–0.47, with the recommended incorporation level of multi-source solid waste ultra-fine powder specified as 20–40% of the cementitious material mass. (3) Curing regimes exert a discernible influence on the compressive strength development of mortar specimens, with temperature–humidity coupling effects modulating long-term strength gain. (4) The proportionality between ultra-fine powder admixture and water-to-binder ratio, in conjunction with the magnitude of polycarboxylate superplasticizer dosage, synergistically affects the mechanical performance of the cementitious system. This work establishes a quantitative ratio optimization framework for valorizing multi-source solid wastes in construction materials, thereby facilitating the scalable recycling of industrial by-products and advancing the transition toward low-carbon construction ecosystems.