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<p>The rapid growth of wireless technologies has driven substantial development in the terahertz (THz) regime, due to its high resolution and non-ionizing nature, making it optimal for biomedical applications. This study describes a highly efficient, tunable proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna (TPCMPA) based on a graphene–gold hybrid architecture for THz applications. The suggested antenna combines the low-loss characteristics of gold with the tunability of graphene, achieving a peak gain of 4.21 dBi and radiation efficiency of 69.4%. The design evolution systematically integrates graphene strips and a DC biasing network to enable frequency reconfigurability. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to optimize the key geometric and electrical parameters and enhance the overall performance of the proposed TPCMPA. The antenna’s loss mechanisms are analyzed, highlighting minimal dielectric losses and controlled graphene-induced conductor losses. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is applied to noninvasive breast cancer detection by exploiting the dielectric contrast between healthy and malignant tissues. Simulations using an excised breast phantom demonstrate a significant shift in the reflection coefficient from −18 dB (healthy tissue) to −40.7 dB (tumor case) upon tumor introduction, thereby validating the diagnostic capability of the proposed antenna. This work advances THz antenna technology by offering a high-performance, reconfigurable solution for next-generation biomedical imaging and communication systems.</p>

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Highly Efficient Hybrid Microstrip Patch Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection in THz Regime

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Gandreddi Lakshmi Prasanna Ashok,
  • Naveen Kumar Maurya,
  • P. V. S. Charishma,
  • Bala Chakravarthy Neelapu

摘要

The rapid growth of wireless technologies has driven substantial development in the terahertz (THz) regime, due to its high resolution and non-ionizing nature, making it optimal for biomedical applications. This study describes a highly efficient, tunable proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna (TPCMPA) based on a graphene–gold hybrid architecture for THz applications. The suggested antenna combines the low-loss characteristics of gold with the tunability of graphene, achieving a peak gain of 4.21 dBi and radiation efficiency of 69.4%. The design evolution systematically integrates graphene strips and a DC biasing network to enable frequency reconfigurability. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to optimize the key geometric and electrical parameters and enhance the overall performance of the proposed TPCMPA. The antenna’s loss mechanisms are analyzed, highlighting minimal dielectric losses and controlled graphene-induced conductor losses. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is applied to noninvasive breast cancer detection by exploiting the dielectric contrast between healthy and malignant tissues. Simulations using an excised breast phantom demonstrate a significant shift in the reflection coefficient from −18 dB (healthy tissue) to −40.7 dB (tumor case) upon tumor introduction, thereby validating the diagnostic capability of the proposed antenna. This work advances THz antenna technology by offering a high-performance, reconfigurable solution for next-generation biomedical imaging and communication systems.