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<p>This study systematically evaluates the combined and interactive effects of 5–20% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), 15–60% granite cutting waste (GCW), and 25–100% recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the strength, durability, and environmental performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using a Taguchi-based experimental design. Rather than investigating individual material substitutions in isolation, the study aims to identify an optimal multi-material combination that balances durability performance and sustainability. Mechanical and durability characteristics were assessed systematically against compressive strength, water absorption, water permeability, drying shrinkage, chloride penetration, carbonation depth, and corrosion potential. Results show that 15% substitution of GGBS resulted in an 18% increase in electrical resistivity and a 22% decrease in chloride ingress. In comparison, 15% GCW addition resulted in a 12% decrease in drying shrinkage after 90&#xa0;days. Moreover, using 25% RCA resulted in a minimum loss of mechanical strength without a significant impact on shrinkage and permeability. Additionally, a carbon footprint assessment was conducted, and it was found that the optimized mix (15% GGBS, 15% GCW, 25% RCA) resulted in a 16% reduction in carbon footprint and a 14% reduction in embodied CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, highlighting the goal of pursuing sustainable construction of eco-efficient concrete. The results verify that a well-balanced distribution of GGBS, GCW, and RCA enables the production of SCC with higher resistance to the effects of harsh environments, proving to be a promising sustainable solution for long-term concrete structures.</p>

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Evaluation of Strength, Durability, and Environmental Impact of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag, Granite Cutting Waste, and Recycled Concrete Aggregate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Eashan Pahsha,
  • Rajesh Gupta,
  • Vinay Agrawal

摘要

This study systematically evaluates the combined and interactive effects of 5–20% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), 15–60% granite cutting waste (GCW), and 25–100% recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the strength, durability, and environmental performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) using a Taguchi-based experimental design. Rather than investigating individual material substitutions in isolation, the study aims to identify an optimal multi-material combination that balances durability performance and sustainability. Mechanical and durability characteristics were assessed systematically against compressive strength, water absorption, water permeability, drying shrinkage, chloride penetration, carbonation depth, and corrosion potential. Results show that 15% substitution of GGBS resulted in an 18% increase in electrical resistivity and a 22% decrease in chloride ingress. In comparison, 15% GCW addition resulted in a 12% decrease in drying shrinkage after 90 days. Moreover, using 25% RCA resulted in a minimum loss of mechanical strength without a significant impact on shrinkage and permeability. Additionally, a carbon footprint assessment was conducted, and it was found that the optimized mix (15% GGBS, 15% GCW, 25% RCA) resulted in a 16% reduction in carbon footprint and a 14% reduction in embodied CO2 emissions, highlighting the goal of pursuing sustainable construction of eco-efficient concrete. The results verify that a well-balanced distribution of GGBS, GCW, and RCA enables the production of SCC with higher resistance to the effects of harsh environments, proving to be a promising sustainable solution for long-term concrete structures.