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<p>Scientists and academics are increasingly focusing on sustainable energy systems to reduce fossil fuel dependency and carbon emissions while ensuring reliable electricity supply. The growing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and EVs introduces new challenges for microgrid reliability, energy balance, and economic operation. This article investigates a (Pathan et al. in Arab J Sci Eng 45(8):6347--6360, 10.1007/s13369-020-04477-8, 2020) energy storage systems (Battery-ESS), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled EVs using an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC)-based energy management strategy. The proposed framework aims to improve system reliability, reduce emissions, balance supply and demand, and account for stochastic EVs travel patterns. Seven operational configurations are examined to evaluate economic, environmental, and reliability performance. The results demonstrate that integrating RESs with controlled bidirectional EVs charging significantly enhances system performance. Compared to the base case, the optimized configuration achieves nearly 20% reduction in expected energy not served (EENS), about 25% savings in diesel fuel cost, and 22–25% reduction in emission-related costs, while improving overall system reliability. The coordinated operation of Battery-ESS and V2G further reduces replacement costs by approximately 20% and lowers the net present cost by nearly 30%. These findings confirm that the proposed AMPC-based framework effectively enhances the reliability, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability of EVs-integrated microgrids.</p>

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Assessment of Microgrid Reliability and Economic Feasibility of Hybrid Microgrid Integrated with V2G System Considering Travel Habits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Satyaki Biswas,
  • Suresh Reddy Mekapati,
  • Nalin Behari Dev Choudhury,
  • Biks Alebachew Taye

摘要

Scientists and academics are increasingly focusing on sustainable energy systems to reduce fossil fuel dependency and carbon emissions while ensuring reliable electricity supply. The growing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and EVs introduces new challenges for microgrid reliability, energy balance, and economic operation. This article investigates a (Pathan et al. in Arab J Sci Eng 45(8):6347--6360, 10.1007/s13369-020-04477-8, 2020) energy storage systems (Battery-ESS), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled EVs using an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC)-based energy management strategy. The proposed framework aims to improve system reliability, reduce emissions, balance supply and demand, and account for stochastic EVs travel patterns. Seven operational configurations are examined to evaluate economic, environmental, and reliability performance. The results demonstrate that integrating RESs with controlled bidirectional EVs charging significantly enhances system performance. Compared to the base case, the optimized configuration achieves nearly 20% reduction in expected energy not served (EENS), about 25% savings in diesel fuel cost, and 22–25% reduction in emission-related costs, while improving overall system reliability. The coordinated operation of Battery-ESS and V2G further reduces replacement costs by approximately 20% and lowers the net present cost by nearly 30%. These findings confirm that the proposed AMPC-based framework effectively enhances the reliability, economic feasibility, and environmental sustainability of EVs-integrated microgrids.