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<p>This paper presents a novel encryption scheme for secure and enhance the RGB image transmission over Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) systems employing Dual-Polarized Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DP/OFDM). The proposed method integrates the Special Circulant Magic Matrix (SCMM) with a double Arnold transformation to enhance image security and robustness. Encrypted and unencrypted images are converted into binary sequences, modulated using 4-QAM/OFDM, and transmitted through channels representing different water types with varying absorption and scattering properties. System performance is evaluated in three scenarios: direct transmission, encryption–decryption, and encryption–decryption with median filtering. Image quality is assessed using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), correlation coefficients, and histogram analysis, while security strength is validated using entropy, key sensitivity, and resistance against brute force and statistical attacks. Additional measures such as the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) confirm encryption efficiency. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only ensures strong security but also improves image quality and resilience against underwater channel impairments compared to unencrypted transmission.</p>

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A Novel Encryption Scheme Using SCMM and Arnold Transform for Secure RGB Image Transmission in DP/OFDM-UOWC Systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Narbda Rani,
  • Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb,
  • Mehtab Singh

摘要

This paper presents a novel encryption scheme for secure and enhance the RGB image transmission over Underwater Optical Wireless Communication (UOWC) systems employing Dual-Polarized Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DP/OFDM). The proposed method integrates the Special Circulant Magic Matrix (SCMM) with a double Arnold transformation to enhance image security and robustness. Encrypted and unencrypted images are converted into binary sequences, modulated using 4-QAM/OFDM, and transmitted through channels representing different water types with varying absorption and scattering properties. System performance is evaluated in three scenarios: direct transmission, encryption–decryption, and encryption–decryption with median filtering. Image quality is assessed using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), correlation coefficients, and histogram analysis, while security strength is validated using entropy, key sensitivity, and resistance against brute force and statistical attacks. Additional measures such as the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) confirm encryption efficiency. Results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only ensures strong security but also improves image quality and resilience against underwater channel impairments compared to unencrypted transmission.