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<p>This research investigates the extraction of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye using emulsified liquid membranes (ELMs). The study examines various factors affecting extraction efficiency, including the internal phase, its concentration, and the concentration of surfactants in the exterior phase. Results show that nitric acid is the most effective internal phase, with an optimal concentration of 0.5&#xa0;mol L<sup>−1</sup> identified. The study also highlights the importance of surfactant concentration, with an optimal range of 1.5–2% (w/w) of surfactant. The emulsification time is found to be optimal at 2&#xa0;min, and the volume ratios are 3/4 for the emulsion phase to the external phase and 0.15/1 for the internal phase to the organic phase. The choice of diluent, such as hexane or heptane, and the addition of salt (NaCl) to the external phase enhance extraction efficiency. Additionally, the study introduces the use of a biosurfactant (date honey) as a substitute for conventional surfactants, demonstrating promising results at a 4% concentration. The research incorporates a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to predict RhB extraction rates based on process parameters, providing accurate predictions and insights into optimizing the extraction process.</p>

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Rhodamine B Extraction by Emulsified Liquid Membrane: Innovative Approach Utilizing Gaussian Process Regression for Enhanced Efficiency and Sustainability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Sabrina Mechati,
  • Meriem Zamouche,
  • Hichem Tahraoui,
  • Zakaria Laggoun,
  • Rayene Chemchmi,
  • Yahia Boudadi,
  • Abd el Khabir Bourzerzour,
  • Amine Aymen Assadi,
  • Walid Elfellah,
  • Lotfi Khezami,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Abdeltif Amrane

摘要

This research investigates the extraction of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye using emulsified liquid membranes (ELMs). The study examines various factors affecting extraction efficiency, including the internal phase, its concentration, and the concentration of surfactants in the exterior phase. Results show that nitric acid is the most effective internal phase, with an optimal concentration of 0.5 mol L−1 identified. The study also highlights the importance of surfactant concentration, with an optimal range of 1.5–2% (w/w) of surfactant. The emulsification time is found to be optimal at 2 min, and the volume ratios are 3/4 for the emulsion phase to the external phase and 0.15/1 for the internal phase to the organic phase. The choice of diluent, such as hexane or heptane, and the addition of salt (NaCl) to the external phase enhance extraction efficiency. Additionally, the study introduces the use of a biosurfactant (date honey) as a substitute for conventional surfactants, demonstrating promising results at a 4% concentration. The research incorporates a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to predict RhB extraction rates based on process parameters, providing accurate predictions and insights into optimizing the extraction process.