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<p>To address intensified water channeling and interlayer contradictions in late-stage waterflooding of heterogeneous reservoirs, we developed a "particle weak gel-nanoparticle" composite flooding system, which synergistically enhances oil recovery via macroscopic flow field regulation and microscopic interface optimization. Interfacial tension measurements and parallel sand-packed tube simulations were conducted to evaluate plugging properties of weak granular gel, interfacial activity of nanoparticles, and optimize injection protocols. Results show that the weak granular gel achieves an initial plugging efficiency of over 98.5% in high-permeability layers (permeability contrast 8 ~ 70), with efficiency remaining above 95% after 10 PV formation water flushing, benefiting from its "granular swelling-weak gel cross-linking" structure. 0.2% nanoparticles reduce oil–water interfacial tension to 2.08 × 10<sup>–2</sup> mN/m, promoting micro-scale seepage. Displacement experiments reveal optimal slug volumes of 0.2, 0.15, and 0.1 PV for strongly (gradient 70), moderately (gradient 40) and weakly (gradient 8) heterogeneous reservoirs, improving recovery by 16.8, 18.8, and 20.2%, respectively. The synergistic mechanism involves macroscopic plugging diversion by weak gel and microscopic interfacial regulation by nanoparticles. This study establishes a heterogeneity-slug volume correlation and proposes a graded strategy, overcoming single-technology limitations.</p>

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Multi-scale Synergistic Mechanism and Permeability Gradient Fitness of “Particle Weak Gel-Nanoparticle” Composite Drive Conditioning System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月29日

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  • Haonan Hu,
  • Fayang Jin,
  • Daijun Du

摘要

To address intensified water channeling and interlayer contradictions in late-stage waterflooding of heterogeneous reservoirs, we developed a "particle weak gel-nanoparticle" composite flooding system, which synergistically enhances oil recovery via macroscopic flow field regulation and microscopic interface optimization. Interfacial tension measurements and parallel sand-packed tube simulations were conducted to evaluate plugging properties of weak granular gel, interfacial activity of nanoparticles, and optimize injection protocols. Results show that the weak granular gel achieves an initial plugging efficiency of over 98.5% in high-permeability layers (permeability contrast 8 ~ 70), with efficiency remaining above 95% after 10 PV formation water flushing, benefiting from its "granular swelling-weak gel cross-linking" structure. 0.2% nanoparticles reduce oil–water interfacial tension to 2.08 × 10–2 mN/m, promoting micro-scale seepage. Displacement experiments reveal optimal slug volumes of 0.2, 0.15, and 0.1 PV for strongly (gradient 70), moderately (gradient 40) and weakly (gradient 8) heterogeneous reservoirs, improving recovery by 16.8, 18.8, and 20.2%, respectively. The synergistic mechanism involves macroscopic plugging diversion by weak gel and microscopic interfacial regulation by nanoparticles. This study establishes a heterogeneity-slug volume correlation and proposes a graded strategy, overcoming single-technology limitations.