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<p>Given that the equivalent parameters of piezoelectric composite materials in the one-dimensional polarization direction fail to satisfy the demands of complex working conditions, this paper focuses on 1–3–2 piezoelectric composite materials (PCMs) and innovatively presents a novel third-order homogenization method for omnidirectional prediction, namely global mechanical-electrical-acoustic equivalent parameters in polarization direction and non-polarization directions. This method is validated by finite element simulation and published literature-based experimental data, with the average relative error consistently below 6.5%. Next, the effect of the piezoelectric phase volume fraction in 1–3–2 PCM on the global mechanical-electrical-acoustic equivalent parameters is thoroughly discussed and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the present method can accurately predict the global mechanical (Young’s moduli and shear moduli), electrical (piezoelectric coefficients, electromechanical coupling coefficients), and acoustic (wave velocities, wave impedances) properties of 1–3–2 PCMs. Among them, the mechanical properties indicate that 1–3–2 PCMs exhibit transverse isotropy. Electrical coefficients display near-linear variations over low-to-moderate volume fractions, while acoustic wave velocities manifest nonlinear behavior. The derivation process of this method is clear and explicit, and it can be extended to 1–3 PCMs and 1–1–3 PCMs, demonstrating good extensibility.</p>

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A Novel Third-Order Homogenization Method for the Equivalent Global Mechanical-Electrical-Acoustic Parameters of 1–3–2 Piezoelectric Composite Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Zhifu Zhang,
  • Yuzhang Lin,
  • Xirui Zhang,
  • Jiangao Qiu,
  • Yuan Liao,
  • Junxiao Liu

摘要

Given that the equivalent parameters of piezoelectric composite materials in the one-dimensional polarization direction fail to satisfy the demands of complex working conditions, this paper focuses on 1–3–2 piezoelectric composite materials (PCMs) and innovatively presents a novel third-order homogenization method for omnidirectional prediction, namely global mechanical-electrical-acoustic equivalent parameters in polarization direction and non-polarization directions. This method is validated by finite element simulation and published literature-based experimental data, with the average relative error consistently below 6.5%. Next, the effect of the piezoelectric phase volume fraction in 1–3–2 PCM on the global mechanical-electrical-acoustic equivalent parameters is thoroughly discussed and analyzed. The results demonstrate that the present method can accurately predict the global mechanical (Young’s moduli and shear moduli), electrical (piezoelectric coefficients, electromechanical coupling coefficients), and acoustic (wave velocities, wave impedances) properties of 1–3–2 PCMs. Among them, the mechanical properties indicate that 1–3–2 PCMs exhibit transverse isotropy. Electrical coefficients display near-linear variations over low-to-moderate volume fractions, while acoustic wave velocities manifest nonlinear behavior. The derivation process of this method is clear and explicit, and it can be extended to 1–3 PCMs and 1–1–3 PCMs, demonstrating good extensibility.