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<p>The development of efficient proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is critical for advancing fuel cell technologies, particularly in enhancing proton transport from anode to cathode. In this study, Linde Type-A (LTA) zeolite was synthesized from Lampung natural zeolite via a hydrothermal method at varied SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> molar ratios and subsequently incorporated with PVDF and activated carbon to fabricate a composite PEM. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized LTA zeolites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy. XRD results confirmed a high crystallinity of 85.82% at a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 1.00. Increasing the molar ratio from 0.97 to 1.60 led to a decline in specific surface area (from 74.445 to 50.907&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g), accompanied by an increase in pore diameter (from 8.578 to 10.350&#xa0;nm). Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the LTA-0.97 membrane exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 8.31 × 10⁻<sup>4</sup>&#xa0;S/cm at room temperature, representing a twofold improvement over pristine Lampung zeolite membranes. Furthermore, the composite containing LTA-1.30 achieved the maximum ion exchange capacity of 0.35&#xa0;meq/g. These findings highlight the potential of PVDF/activated carbon/LTA zeolite composite membranes, synthesized from abundant natural resources, as viable candidates for next-generation proton exchange membranes in low-temperature fuel cell applications.</p>

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Modification of Natural Zeolite-Based Composite Membranes for Enhanced Proton Conductivity in Fuel Cell

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • S. Tursiloadi,
  • K. Pamulianti,
  • Reza A. Putri,
  • N. Widiarti,
  • M. Safaat,
  • L. Hauli,
  • O. Arutanti,
  • Wiyanti F. Simanullang,
  • Herri Susanto,
  • Deni S. Khaerudini

摘要

The development of efficient proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is critical for advancing fuel cell technologies, particularly in enhancing proton transport from anode to cathode. In this study, Linde Type-A (LTA) zeolite was synthesized from Lampung natural zeolite via a hydrothermal method at varied SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios and subsequently incorporated with PVDF and activated carbon to fabricate a composite PEM. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized LTA zeolites were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy. XRD results confirmed a high crystallinity of 85.82% at a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 1.00. Increasing the molar ratio from 0.97 to 1.60 led to a decline in specific surface area (from 74.445 to 50.907 m2/g), accompanied by an increase in pore diameter (from 8.578 to 10.350 nm). Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the LTA-0.97 membrane exhibited the highest proton conductivity of 8.31 × 10⁻4 S/cm at room temperature, representing a twofold improvement over pristine Lampung zeolite membranes. Furthermore, the composite containing LTA-1.30 achieved the maximum ion exchange capacity of 0.35 meq/g. These findings highlight the potential of PVDF/activated carbon/LTA zeolite composite membranes, synthesized from abundant natural resources, as viable candidates for next-generation proton exchange membranes in low-temperature fuel cell applications.