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<p>The performance of elastomeric composites in demanding environments is often limited by the balance between different material properties. To address the challenge of simultaneously enhancing water resistance and mechanical integrity in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a composite system co-modified with glass fiber (GF) and graphite was developed. This study systematically investigates the individual and synergistic effects of these fillers. Using an orthogonal experimental design, the influence of GF and graphite content (0–24&#xa0;phr) on water absorption, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive modulus was quantified. The composite with 16&#xa0;phr of both fillers exhibited a minimum water absorption rate of 0.38%, a 32% reduction compared to pure NBR, suggesting a synergistic barrier effect. Concurrent increases were observed in hardness (up to + 24%), tensile strength (+ 16.8%), 100% modulus (+ 42%), and compressive modulus (+ 26.2%). Regression analysis identified GF as the dominant factor, but the interaction effects revealed a complex interplay: While a positive synergy was observed for reducing water absorption, the mechanical properties largely followed a rule of mixtures, with a noted antagonistic interaction at high filler contents. This work elucidates the structure–property relationships in hybrid filler systems and provides a guideline for designing NBR composites with tailored performance for requiring environmental resistance and robust mechanical response.</p>

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Synergistic Effects of Glass Fiber and Graphite on Water Resistance and Mechanical Properties of NBR Composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Zhining Jia,
  • Caizhe Hao,
  • Yanhong Yan,
  • Huan Lu

摘要

The performance of elastomeric composites in demanding environments is often limited by the balance between different material properties. To address the challenge of simultaneously enhancing water resistance and mechanical integrity in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a composite system co-modified with glass fiber (GF) and graphite was developed. This study systematically investigates the individual and synergistic effects of these fillers. Using an orthogonal experimental design, the influence of GF and graphite content (0–24 phr) on water absorption, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive modulus was quantified. The composite with 16 phr of both fillers exhibited a minimum water absorption rate of 0.38%, a 32% reduction compared to pure NBR, suggesting a synergistic barrier effect. Concurrent increases were observed in hardness (up to + 24%), tensile strength (+ 16.8%), 100% modulus (+ 42%), and compressive modulus (+ 26.2%). Regression analysis identified GF as the dominant factor, but the interaction effects revealed a complex interplay: While a positive synergy was observed for reducing water absorption, the mechanical properties largely followed a rule of mixtures, with a noted antagonistic interaction at high filler contents. This work elucidates the structure–property relationships in hybrid filler systems and provides a guideline for designing NBR composites with tailored performance for requiring environmental resistance and robust mechanical response.