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<p>A coupled finite-discrete element method (FDEM) was employed to develop a numerical model simulating hydraulic fracturing in coal-measure hard roof strata containing weak interlayers. This research systematically analyzes how weak interlayers influence hydraulic fracture propagation patterns and micro-fracture initiation mechanisms, elucidating their role in controlling fracture trajectory evolution. The findings demonstrate that hydraulic fractures exhibit pronounced vertical asymmetry upon encountering weak interlayers. Specifically, as the <i>H</i><sub>h</sub>/<i>H</i><sub>s</sub> ratio (hard layer thickness to weak layer thickness) increases, fractures display a higher propensity to penetrate the interlayer and extend vertically. In contrast, lower <i>H</i><sub>h</sub>/<i>H</i><sub>s</sub> values promote the formation of intricate fracture networks within the weak interlayer, accompanied by interfacial delamination. Field validation at the 9401-working face of Hengsheng Coal Mine confirms that the proposed segmented hydraulic fracturing technique successfully induces pre-fracturing in hard roof strata, yielding favorable engineering outcomes.</p>

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FDEM Simulation and Application Study of Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal-Measure Hard Roof Containing Weak Interlayer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Junqiang Ma,
  • Hongsheng Wang,
  • Xuehua Li,
  • Guowei Dong,
  • Yuxin Yuan,
  • Xiaoliang Ren

摘要

A coupled finite-discrete element method (FDEM) was employed to develop a numerical model simulating hydraulic fracturing in coal-measure hard roof strata containing weak interlayers. This research systematically analyzes how weak interlayers influence hydraulic fracture propagation patterns and micro-fracture initiation mechanisms, elucidating their role in controlling fracture trajectory evolution. The findings demonstrate that hydraulic fractures exhibit pronounced vertical asymmetry upon encountering weak interlayers. Specifically, as the Hh/Hs ratio (hard layer thickness to weak layer thickness) increases, fractures display a higher propensity to penetrate the interlayer and extend vertically. In contrast, lower Hh/Hs values promote the formation of intricate fracture networks within the weak interlayer, accompanied by interfacial delamination. Field validation at the 9401-working face of Hengsheng Coal Mine confirms that the proposed segmented hydraulic fracturing technique successfully induces pre-fracturing in hard roof strata, yielding favorable engineering outcomes.