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<p>Electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> into multi-carbon products provides a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization and value-added chemical production. Herein, CuO nanoparticles are integrated within two-dimensional sandwich heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) and MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) via sequential spray-coating (SP) to form g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–CuO@MXene(SP) and MXene–CuO@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>(SP). Structural analyses reveal highly dispersed CuO nanoparticles (~ 8 nm) that are strongly anchored to nitrogen sites in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and stabilized by the MXene overlayer, which suppresses aggregation and enhances electrical conductivity. The excellent activity and C–C coupling for ethylene production are facilitated by the strong anchoring of CuO on the extended surfaces of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, resulting in a large number of exposed active sites that promote effective conversion and operational stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the coexistence of Cu<sup>0</sup> and Cu<sup>+</sup> species, which play complementary roles in CO adsorption and C–C coupling. Electrochemical evaluation shows that both sandwich catalysts outperformed the binary (MXene–CuO and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–CuO) and sonicated ternary composites. Notably, g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–CuO@MXene(SP) exhibits the highest performance, delivering a Faradaic efficiency of ~ 87% for C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> at − 0.84 V vs. RHE, in a flow cell system. These findings establish g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–CuO@MXene(SP) as a robust and selective electrocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>-to-ethylene conversion, offering a promising route toward sustainable chemical manufacturing and carbon management.</p>

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CuO-Nanoparticles Decorated in g-C3N4/MXene Architecture for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethylene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Saheed A. Ganiyu

摘要

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 into multi-carbon products provides a sustainable pathway for carbon utilization and value-added chemical production. Herein, CuO nanoparticles are integrated within two-dimensional sandwich heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) via sequential spray-coating (SP) to form g-C3N4–CuO@MXene(SP) and MXene–CuO@g-C3N4(SP). Structural analyses reveal highly dispersed CuO nanoparticles (~ 8 nm) that are strongly anchored to nitrogen sites in g-C3N4 and stabilized by the MXene overlayer, which suppresses aggregation and enhances electrical conductivity. The excellent activity and C–C coupling for ethylene production are facilitated by the strong anchoring of CuO on the extended surfaces of Ti3C2Tx and g-C3N4, resulting in a large number of exposed active sites that promote effective conversion and operational stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the coexistence of Cu0 and Cu+ species, which play complementary roles in CO adsorption and C–C coupling. Electrochemical evaluation shows that both sandwich catalysts outperformed the binary (MXene–CuO and g-C3N4–CuO) and sonicated ternary composites. Notably, g-C3N4–CuO@MXene(SP) exhibits the highest performance, delivering a Faradaic efficiency of ~ 87% for C2H4 at − 0.84 V vs. RHE, in a flow cell system. These findings establish g-C3N4–CuO@MXene(SP) as a robust and selective electrocatalyst for CO2-to-ethylene conversion, offering a promising route toward sustainable chemical manufacturing and carbon management.