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<p>The frequency deviation in modern integrated multi-area power systems is becoming increasingly significant due to the random power generation from non-conventional sources. To address this challenge, classical control techniques are ill-equipped and therefore require innovative solutions. Intelligent control methods, particularly fuzzy logic-based control, offer one of the most promising alternatives. This work proposes a novel grey wolf optimizer-tuned Fuzzy-PID controller developed using the bilinear transformation (BT) method, i.e., BT-FPID controller. The designed adaptive BT-FPID controller is straightforward, based on an analytical formulation. To assess the effectiveness of the designed controller, extensive investigations were conducted under a range of practical scenarios, including load perturbations, input power variations, and parameter changes. For relative performance assessment, the proposed BT-FPID controller was also evaluated against conventional PID and backward difference method-based Fuzzy-PID (BD-FPID) controllers. The results presented demonstrate that the proposed BT-FPID controller exhibits enhanced robustness and disturbance rejection in the presence of nonlinearities and noise. These findings suggest that the BT-FPID controller is well-suited to practical applications in modern power systems.</p>

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An Adaptive Fuzzy Controller for Load Frequency Control of an Integrated Multi-area Power System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Mohd Imran Siddiqui,
  • K. P. S. Rana,
  • Vineet Kumar

摘要

The frequency deviation in modern integrated multi-area power systems is becoming increasingly significant due to the random power generation from non-conventional sources. To address this challenge, classical control techniques are ill-equipped and therefore require innovative solutions. Intelligent control methods, particularly fuzzy logic-based control, offer one of the most promising alternatives. This work proposes a novel grey wolf optimizer-tuned Fuzzy-PID controller developed using the bilinear transformation (BT) method, i.e., BT-FPID controller. The designed adaptive BT-FPID controller is straightforward, based on an analytical formulation. To assess the effectiveness of the designed controller, extensive investigations were conducted under a range of practical scenarios, including load perturbations, input power variations, and parameter changes. For relative performance assessment, the proposed BT-FPID controller was also evaluated against conventional PID and backward difference method-based Fuzzy-PID (BD-FPID) controllers. The results presented demonstrate that the proposed BT-FPID controller exhibits enhanced robustness and disturbance rejection in the presence of nonlinearities and noise. These findings suggest that the BT-FPID controller is well-suited to practical applications in modern power systems.