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<p>Piezoelectric energy harvesting using vibrational&#xa0;media&#xa0;in nature has great potential for powering sensor networks and electronic gadgets. The majority of standard piezoelectric energy harvesters documented in the publications are constructed using a single metallic or composite layer as the substrate, with the piezoelectric material affixed on top. This study presents the development of a bridge-type piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing an innovative metamaterial as the substrate within a thermal environment. The substrate structure comprises of a functionally graded graphene origami enabled auxetic metamaterial (FG-GOEAM) sandwiched between two piezoelectric layers. The auxetic characteristics of the beam are regulated by manipulating the graphene content and the folding degree of graphene origami (GOri) across the thickness in a layer-wise manner, providing significant design latitude for tuning the resonant frequency. Using Hamilton’s principle and Gauss’s law, the energy harvesting model is established based on the third-order shear deformation (TSDT) beam theory. Rayleigh damping assumptions are also used to model the structural damping of the harvesting system. Applying an analytical procedure to the electromechanical governing equations, closed-form steady-state response expressions, which relate the voltage output and the vibration response of the harvester to harmonic input force, are derived. The study primarily examines the impact of the FG-GOEAM substrate characteristics on the total output responses. Comparative research reveals that, under identical operating conditions, the output power of the FG-GOEAM energy harvester surpass those of the conventional copper-based model by around 14%. The paper serves as a foundation for the development and use of sophisticated energy-harvesting devices based on composite structures. It also opens up avenues for future study on the use of graphene-based composite structures in other engineering applications.</p>

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Novel Heterogeneous Graphene Origami-Enabled Auxetic Metabeams for High Performance Tunable Energy Harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Farzad Ebrahimi,
  • Mahdi Parsi

摘要

Piezoelectric energy harvesting using vibrational media in nature has great potential for powering sensor networks and electronic gadgets. The majority of standard piezoelectric energy harvesters documented in the publications are constructed using a single metallic or composite layer as the substrate, with the piezoelectric material affixed on top. This study presents the development of a bridge-type piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing an innovative metamaterial as the substrate within a thermal environment. The substrate structure comprises of a functionally graded graphene origami enabled auxetic metamaterial (FG-GOEAM) sandwiched between two piezoelectric layers. The auxetic characteristics of the beam are regulated by manipulating the graphene content and the folding degree of graphene origami (GOri) across the thickness in a layer-wise manner, providing significant design latitude for tuning the resonant frequency. Using Hamilton’s principle and Gauss’s law, the energy harvesting model is established based on the third-order shear deformation (TSDT) beam theory. Rayleigh damping assumptions are also used to model the structural damping of the harvesting system. Applying an analytical procedure to the electromechanical governing equations, closed-form steady-state response expressions, which relate the voltage output and the vibration response of the harvester to harmonic input force, are derived. The study primarily examines the impact of the FG-GOEAM substrate characteristics on the total output responses. Comparative research reveals that, under identical operating conditions, the output power of the FG-GOEAM energy harvester surpass those of the conventional copper-based model by around 14%. The paper serves as a foundation for the development and use of sophisticated energy-harvesting devices based on composite structures. It also opens up avenues for future study on the use of graphene-based composite structures in other engineering applications.