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<p>In this work, an innovative TiO₂-based photocatalyst was synthesized via a DES-assisted electrosynthesis method, where the DES serves a dual role: acting as both a green electrolyte and a structural stabilizer. This composite, comprising fine TiO₂ on dendritic fibrous nanosilica, exhibited significantly improved physicochemical properties due to the formation of strong Si–O–Ti interfacial bonds, uniform TiO₂ distribution, and enhanced morphological integrity. Detailed characterizations (XRD, FTIR, TEM, XPS) validated both the structural evolution and successful loading of TiO₂ onto the KCC-1 support. Visible light was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance in the degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) which is a model refractory sulfur compound. The optimum 15 wt% TiO₂/KCC-1 catalyst achieved a remarkable 97.44% DBT degradation within 180 min, outperforming pristine TiO₂ and previously reported systems. More importantly, this catalyst showed excellent reusability for maintaining more than 92% of its initial activity after five cycles with very little structural deterioration. Employing DES greatly enhanced charge carrier separation, active site exposure, and structural stability, which are crucial for visible-light photocatalysis. This work proposes an easy, green method for synthesizing advanced photocatalysts, offering a promising solution for ultra-deep desulfurization of fuels in line with global efforts for clean energy and environmental remediation.</p>

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Dual-Role Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Electrosynthesis of TiO₂/KCC-1 for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Desulfurization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • N. S. Kamarudin,
  • N. N. Yaakob,
  • N. F. Sukor,
  • H. D. Setiabudi,
  • M. A. H. Aziz,
  • R. Jusoh

摘要

In this work, an innovative TiO₂-based photocatalyst was synthesized via a DES-assisted electrosynthesis method, where the DES serves a dual role: acting as both a green electrolyte and a structural stabilizer. This composite, comprising fine TiO₂ on dendritic fibrous nanosilica, exhibited significantly improved physicochemical properties due to the formation of strong Si–O–Ti interfacial bonds, uniform TiO₂ distribution, and enhanced morphological integrity. Detailed characterizations (XRD, FTIR, TEM, XPS) validated both the structural evolution and successful loading of TiO₂ onto the KCC-1 support. Visible light was used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance in the degradation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) which is a model refractory sulfur compound. The optimum 15 wt% TiO₂/KCC-1 catalyst achieved a remarkable 97.44% DBT degradation within 180 min, outperforming pristine TiO₂ and previously reported systems. More importantly, this catalyst showed excellent reusability for maintaining more than 92% of its initial activity after five cycles with very little structural deterioration. Employing DES greatly enhanced charge carrier separation, active site exposure, and structural stability, which are crucial for visible-light photocatalysis. This work proposes an easy, green method for synthesizing advanced photocatalysts, offering a promising solution for ultra-deep desulfurization of fuels in line with global efforts for clean energy and environmental remediation.