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<p>Synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) generate pulsating flows with zero-net-mass and are widely applied for active cooling of electronic devices, fluid mixing and improving aerodynamic performance. However, the working process mainly yields intense acoustic emissions, limiting the application to noise-free zones. Experimentally, this work investigates the suppression of noise for piezoelectrically operated SJAs with retention of the peak exit velocity of the jet. The experiments employed two novel orifice geometries, that is, quatrefoil and 4-lobe star, to alter vortex breakdown and turbulent mixing to inhibit the acoustic output of the actuator. Jet exit velocity and sound pressure level (SPL) of SJA were measured using TSI-IFA-300 hot-wire anemometry and VGM 1356 Genex digital sound pressure level meter, respectively. These experiments were performed over 120–900&#xa0;Hz and 50 and 60&#xa0;V excitation voltages (<i>V</i><sub>exc</sub>). The 4-lobe star and quatrefoil orifices at 60&#xa0;V excitation reduced SPL by 27% and 15%, respectively, compared to the circular orifice for operating the SJA at resonant frequency. The 4-lobe star orifice SJA at 60&#xa0;V excitation has a 6.9% peak jet velocity reduction at 570&#xa0;Hz (resonant frequency) compared to the circular orifice, and 1.4% compared to the quatrefoil orifice at the same frequency. Among the geometries tested, the 4-lobe star orifice demonstrates the best acoustic performance, while the circular orifice offers better fluidic efficiency. Among the geometries tested, the 4-lobe star exhibited the minimum acoustic output, while the circular orifice exhibited the highest fluidic efficiency. These findings offer design guidance for the optimization of SJA orifices to achieve a compromise between fluidic output and noise reduction.</p>

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Experimental Investigation of Acoustic and Flow Performance of Novel Quatrefoil and 4-Lobe Star Orifices in Piezo-Driven Synthetic Jet Actuators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Saliq Mushtaq,
  • Mukhtar Ahmad,
  • Bisma Parveez,
  • Adnan Qayoum

摘要

Synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) generate pulsating flows with zero-net-mass and are widely applied for active cooling of electronic devices, fluid mixing and improving aerodynamic performance. However, the working process mainly yields intense acoustic emissions, limiting the application to noise-free zones. Experimentally, this work investigates the suppression of noise for piezoelectrically operated SJAs with retention of the peak exit velocity of the jet. The experiments employed two novel orifice geometries, that is, quatrefoil and 4-lobe star, to alter vortex breakdown and turbulent mixing to inhibit the acoustic output of the actuator. Jet exit velocity and sound pressure level (SPL) of SJA were measured using TSI-IFA-300 hot-wire anemometry and VGM 1356 Genex digital sound pressure level meter, respectively. These experiments were performed over 120–900 Hz and 50 and 60 V excitation voltages (Vexc). The 4-lobe star and quatrefoil orifices at 60 V excitation reduced SPL by 27% and 15%, respectively, compared to the circular orifice for operating the SJA at resonant frequency. The 4-lobe star orifice SJA at 60 V excitation has a 6.9% peak jet velocity reduction at 570 Hz (resonant frequency) compared to the circular orifice, and 1.4% compared to the quatrefoil orifice at the same frequency. Among the geometries tested, the 4-lobe star orifice demonstrates the best acoustic performance, while the circular orifice offers better fluidic efficiency. Among the geometries tested, the 4-lobe star exhibited the minimum acoustic output, while the circular orifice exhibited the highest fluidic efficiency. These findings offer design guidance for the optimization of SJA orifices to achieve a compromise between fluidic output and noise reduction.