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<p>The present work demonstrates how the copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were decorated without agglomeration on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface using eco-friendly and low-cost microwave technique. Physical and chemical characterizations of CuO/rGO nanoparticles were studied using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and derivative thermo gravimetry. The carbon paste electrodes integrated with CuO/rGO composite were prepared and studied for cyclic voltammetric determination of antiviral drug, molnupiravir (MOL). The electroanalytical experiments were optimized including, the nature of electrode modifiers, their percentages and the working pH value, scan rate and accumulation time to get the highest sensing response. The modified electrodes showed higher performance with linear concentration range from 0.066 to 1.6&#xa0;µg/mL with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.055 and 0.184&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method gave up high sensitive, simple, specific and validated for determining of MOL according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation ICH-Q2 which includes linearity, sensitivity, specificity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The developed sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of MOL in pharmaceutical samples with acceptable recoveries in comparison with the official method.</p>

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Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Molnupiravir Using Microwave-Synthesized Copper (II) Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Rehab O. El-Attar,
  • Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy,
  • Ibrahim H. I. Habib

摘要

The present work demonstrates how the copper (II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were decorated without agglomeration on the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface using eco-friendly and low-cost microwave technique. Physical and chemical characterizations of CuO/rGO nanoparticles were studied using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis and derivative thermo gravimetry. The carbon paste electrodes integrated with CuO/rGO composite were prepared and studied for cyclic voltammetric determination of antiviral drug, molnupiravir (MOL). The electroanalytical experiments were optimized including, the nature of electrode modifiers, their percentages and the working pH value, scan rate and accumulation time to get the highest sensing response. The modified electrodes showed higher performance with linear concentration range from 0.066 to 1.6 µg/mL with limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.055 and 0.184 µg/mL, respectively. The proposed method gave up high sensitive, simple, specific and validated for determining of MOL according to the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation ICH-Q2 which includes linearity, sensitivity, specificity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The developed sensor was successfully applied for the quantification of MOL in pharmaceutical samples with acceptable recoveries in comparison with the official method.