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<p>Growing energy demands and the environmental challenges of industrial wastewater require innovative, sustainable solutions. The goal of the current study is to examine the development of a paraboloid-shaped microbial fuel cell (MFC) made of graphite that can produce energy while lowering chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater from dairy product manufacturing. This MFC achieved an 86% reduction in COD, lowering levels from 1649&#xa0;mg/L to 230&#xa0;mg/L, while also achieving a reduction in TDS. Over five operational cycles, the MFC generated a peak voltage of 198&#xa0;mV, a current of 1.98&#xa0;mA, and a power output of 392.04 mW, demonstrating its effectiveness as a bioelectricity generator. The membrane-less design simplifies fuel cell architecture, reducing costs for industrial use, while graphite electrodes offer high conductivity, stability, and biocompatibility for efficient energy generation. The paraboloid shape maximizes electrode surface area, improving microbial attachment, electron transfer, and overall power density. This configuration allows for simultaneous COD reduction and energy production, addressing both pollutant removal and renewable energy generation. The findings indicate that with further optimization and scaling, MFCs could become a practical solution for wastewater treatment and energy generation, contributing to the adoption of greener technologies in industrial applications. This work advances the potential of microbial fuel cells for commercial use, providing a pathway toward sustainable wastewater management and renewable energy generation, particularly within the dairy industry. These results support the broader adoption of MFCs for more sustainable industrial practices.</p>

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Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Bioelectricity Generation in the Dairy Industry Using Microbial Fuel Cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Maham Hussain,
  • Waqas Aleem,
  • Zubia Asim,
  • M. Junaid Ghauri,
  • Irfan Hyder,
  • Sabih Qamar,
  • Malik Shoaib Suleman

摘要

Growing energy demands and the environmental challenges of industrial wastewater require innovative, sustainable solutions. The goal of the current study is to examine the development of a paraboloid-shaped microbial fuel cell (MFC) made of graphite that can produce energy while lowering chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in wastewater from dairy product manufacturing. This MFC achieved an 86% reduction in COD, lowering levels from 1649 mg/L to 230 mg/L, while also achieving a reduction in TDS. Over five operational cycles, the MFC generated a peak voltage of 198 mV, a current of 1.98 mA, and a power output of 392.04 mW, demonstrating its effectiveness as a bioelectricity generator. The membrane-less design simplifies fuel cell architecture, reducing costs for industrial use, while graphite electrodes offer high conductivity, stability, and biocompatibility for efficient energy generation. The paraboloid shape maximizes electrode surface area, improving microbial attachment, electron transfer, and overall power density. This configuration allows for simultaneous COD reduction and energy production, addressing both pollutant removal and renewable energy generation. The findings indicate that with further optimization and scaling, MFCs could become a practical solution for wastewater treatment and energy generation, contributing to the adoption of greener technologies in industrial applications. This work advances the potential of microbial fuel cells for commercial use, providing a pathway toward sustainable wastewater management and renewable energy generation, particularly within the dairy industry. These results support the broader adoption of MFCs for more sustainable industrial practices.