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<p>Polyamide (PA) is a promising phase change material (PCM) owing to its excellent thermal storage capacity; however, leakage issues limit its applicability in high-stability systems. This study introduces the use of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) latex coatings to enhance the structural integrity and performance of PA-PCMs. The influence of sulphur loading, coating layers, and curing temperature on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties was systematically evaluated. Morphological analysis, thermal cycling tests, and thermal conductivity measurements revealed that higher sulphur content and elevated curing temperatures increase cross-link density, resulting in smoother surface morphologies and improved coating cohesion. The optimized configuration: 2&#xa0;phr sulphur, two coating layers, and curing at 150°, achieved outstanding performance, including a thermal conductivity of 0.217&#xa0;W/m·K, gel fraction of 87.73%, and tensile strength of 4.42&#xa0;MPa, with minimal weight loss (~ 2.4%) after 100 thermal cycles. However, this optimum also comes with a trade-off, due to increased cross-link density at higher sulphur and temperature levels, which reduces material flexibility, as evidenced by decreased elongation at break. These findings confirm that the NBR latex coating forms a robust, defect-free protective layer, significantly enhancing both thermal reliability and mechanical durability. This scalable method demonstrates a practical solution for improving the stability of PA-PCMs. It is particularly suitable for thermal management in electronics, energy-efficient building materials, and solar thermal storage systems, where performance and structural integrity are crucial.</p>

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Enhanced Durability and Performance of Form-Stable Polyamide PCMs with Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Akram Fadhl Al-mahmodi,
  • Patmashini Saii,
  • Yamuna Munusamy,
  • Mahmood Riyadh Atta,
  • Indran Suyambulingam

摘要

Polyamide (PA) is a promising phase change material (PCM) owing to its excellent thermal storage capacity; however, leakage issues limit its applicability in high-stability systems. This study introduces the use of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) latex coatings to enhance the structural integrity and performance of PA-PCMs. The influence of sulphur loading, coating layers, and curing temperature on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties was systematically evaluated. Morphological analysis, thermal cycling tests, and thermal conductivity measurements revealed that higher sulphur content and elevated curing temperatures increase cross-link density, resulting in smoother surface morphologies and improved coating cohesion. The optimized configuration: 2 phr sulphur, two coating layers, and curing at 150°, achieved outstanding performance, including a thermal conductivity of 0.217 W/m·K, gel fraction of 87.73%, and tensile strength of 4.42 MPa, with minimal weight loss (~ 2.4%) after 100 thermal cycles. However, this optimum also comes with a trade-off, due to increased cross-link density at higher sulphur and temperature levels, which reduces material flexibility, as evidenced by decreased elongation at break. These findings confirm that the NBR latex coating forms a robust, defect-free protective layer, significantly enhancing both thermal reliability and mechanical durability. This scalable method demonstrates a practical solution for improving the stability of PA-PCMs. It is particularly suitable for thermal management in electronics, energy-efficient building materials, and solar thermal storage systems, where performance and structural integrity are crucial.