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<p>This study introduces a multifunctional copper (II)-Schiff base benzimidazole complex (R3) that simultaneously initiates radical polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and synthesizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under visible light (405&#xa0;nm LED). The three-component photoinitiating system (PIS)—comprising R3, rose Bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer, and triethylamine (TEA) as an electron donor—exhibits efficient electron transfer, supported by favorable Gibbs free energy values (− 1.28&#xa0;eV). Real-time UV–Vis spectroscopy confirms AuNP formation via a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 526–541&#xa0;nm, while TEM analysis reveals a bimodal size distribution (9–75&#xa0;nm) of well-dispersed nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix. Kinetic studies using the Avrami model demonstrate diffusion-controlled growth mechanisms (<i>n</i> ≈ 0.39), with fluorescence quenching experiments validating enhanced charge transfer in the presence of TEA. The system’s dual functionality is further evidenced by FTIR and morphological analyses, which confirm the in-situ reduction of Au<sup>3</sup>⁺ and uniform nanoparticle dispersion within the crosslinked EGDA network. This work advances the design of visible-light-driven PISs, offering a streamlined, solvent-free route to polymer-embedded AuNPs for applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, and nanocomposite materials. While optimizing component ratios was not the main focus here, the findings create a solid basis for future research aimed at fine-tuning system parameters for optimal performance.</p>

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Simultaneous Photocatalyst for Radical Polymerization and Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis via a Cu(II)-Schiff Base Benzimidazole Complex

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Haja Tar,
  • Lotfi Beji,
  • Lama M. Alhomaidan,
  • Abrar S. Alnafisah,
  • Noura Kouki,
  • Fahad M. Alminderej,
  • Lotfi M. Aroua

摘要

This study introduces a multifunctional copper (II)-Schiff base benzimidazole complex (R3) that simultaneously initiates radical polymerization of ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and synthesizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under visible light (405 nm LED). The three-component photoinitiating system (PIS)—comprising R3, rose Bengal (RB) as a photosensitizer, and triethylamine (TEA) as an electron donor—exhibits efficient electron transfer, supported by favorable Gibbs free energy values (− 1.28 eV). Real-time UV–Vis spectroscopy confirms AuNP formation via a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 526–541 nm, while TEM analysis reveals a bimodal size distribution (9–75 nm) of well-dispersed nanoparticles embedded in the polymer matrix. Kinetic studies using the Avrami model demonstrate diffusion-controlled growth mechanisms (n ≈ 0.39), with fluorescence quenching experiments validating enhanced charge transfer in the presence of TEA. The system’s dual functionality is further evidenced by FTIR and morphological analyses, which confirm the in-situ reduction of Au3⁺ and uniform nanoparticle dispersion within the crosslinked EGDA network. This work advances the design of visible-light-driven PISs, offering a streamlined, solvent-free route to polymer-embedded AuNPs for applications in catalysis, optoelectronics, and nanocomposite materials. While optimizing component ratios was not the main focus here, the findings create a solid basis for future research aimed at fine-tuning system parameters for optimal performance.