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<p>This research presents a modified design, control strategy, and seamless integration of cascaded grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters. GFL inverter (GFLI) exhibits limitations, i.e., absence of grid support, lack of system inertia, and stability issues. To address these limitations, this research proposes a modified grid-forming inverter (GFMI) design using a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control based on an improved swing equation. To enhance the flexibility and stability of the microgrid (MG) and to introduce inertia, the modified GFMI has been synchronized with the existing GFLI with a proposed modified pre-synchronization (PS) technique. The proposed PS technique is based on voltage and frequency-modulated signals, which are introduced into the rotor swing equation. The synchronization process of GFL and GFM inverters (G&amp;GI) is carried out in MATLAB Simulink with and without performing the PS. Without PS, unbalanced voltage and a significant inrush current of 140 amperes have been produced, which potentially harm the MG. After implementing the proposed PS technique, the inrush current has been reduced from 140 to 0.8 amperes, enabling seamless and smooth synchronization between G&amp;GI. A comparison between the proposed PS and traditional PS shows that the proposed PS offers faster, smoother, and more reliable synchronization. Moreover, the frequency stability analysis reveals that the GFMI is more stable and exhibits low-frequency fluctuations during perturbations compared to the existing GFLI. A small signal stability analysis is also conducted, verifying the robustness and reliability of the modified synchronization approach.</p>

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Seamless Integration and Performance Analysis of Grid-Following and Improved Grid-Forming Inverters Using a Modified Pre-Synchronization Control Strategy to Enhance Microgrid Stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Waqar Tahir,
  • Muhammad Farhan,
  • Abdul Rauf Bhatti,
  • Muhammad Junaid Rabbani,
  • Arslan Dawood Butt,
  • Muhammad Shahzad,
  • Nouman Safdar

摘要

This research presents a modified design, control strategy, and seamless integration of cascaded grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters. GFL inverter (GFLI) exhibits limitations, i.e., absence of grid support, lack of system inertia, and stability issues. To address these limitations, this research proposes a modified grid-forming inverter (GFMI) design using a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control based on an improved swing equation. To enhance the flexibility and stability of the microgrid (MG) and to introduce inertia, the modified GFMI has been synchronized with the existing GFLI with a proposed modified pre-synchronization (PS) technique. The proposed PS technique is based on voltage and frequency-modulated signals, which are introduced into the rotor swing equation. The synchronization process of GFL and GFM inverters (G&GI) is carried out in MATLAB Simulink with and without performing the PS. Without PS, unbalanced voltage and a significant inrush current of 140 amperes have been produced, which potentially harm the MG. After implementing the proposed PS technique, the inrush current has been reduced from 140 to 0.8 amperes, enabling seamless and smooth synchronization between G&GI. A comparison between the proposed PS and traditional PS shows that the proposed PS offers faster, smoother, and more reliable synchronization. Moreover, the frequency stability analysis reveals that the GFMI is more stable and exhibits low-frequency fluctuations during perturbations compared to the existing GFLI. A small signal stability analysis is also conducted, verifying the robustness and reliability of the modified synchronization approach.