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<p>Laser surface texturing and candle soot deposition were used to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on AISI-304 steel. For this purpose, circular micro-textures (100&#xa0;µm pitch and diameter) were generated by fiber-laser marking, raising average surface roughness (Ra) from 2.8&#xa0;µm to 14.58&#xa0;µm. After that, a paraffin-wax intermediary and candle-soot deposit built a conformal carbon layer, yielding initial water contact angles of 158.23 ± 1.08° and surface energy of 12.07 ± 0.13&#xa0;mN/m. After 365&#xa0;days of ambient aging, the water contact angle remained at 154.87 ± 1.33° and the surface energy rose to 16.41 ± 0.46 mN/m; at 730&#xa0;days, the water contact angle was 153.87 ± 0.78° with surface energy 25.49 ± 0.74 mN/m. Tape-peeling tests (25 cycles, 100&#xa0;g roller) reduced water contact angle by &lt; 1.5° on day 1 and &lt; 1.2° after 730&#xa0;days, demonstrating excellent adhesive durability. Sandpaper abrasion (25 cycles, emery paper) lowered the water contact angle from ~ 158° to 134.32 ± 0.22° on day 1 but to only 139.33 ± 0.20° after 730&#xa0;days, indicating improved abrasion resistance with aging. Pin-on-disk wear (10 N load, 0.1&#xa0;m/s, 1000&#xa0;m sliding) fractured the micro-textures and stripped soot, resulting in 18.5&#xa0;g weight loss and water contact angle collapse to 34.89°, revealing limitations under severe tribological contact. SEM and EDS confirmed uniform carbon coverage and progressive texture damage.</p>

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Mechanical Durability and Wear Resistance of Superhydrophobic AISI 304 Steel Fabricated by Laser Texturing and Candle Soot Deposition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Vijay Kumar,
  • Vikrant Singh,
  • Rajeev Verma,
  • Talwinder Singh Bedi,
  • Mohit Vishnoi

摘要

Laser surface texturing and candle soot deposition were used to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings on AISI-304 steel. For this purpose, circular micro-textures (100 µm pitch and diameter) were generated by fiber-laser marking, raising average surface roughness (Ra) from 2.8 µm to 14.58 µm. After that, a paraffin-wax intermediary and candle-soot deposit built a conformal carbon layer, yielding initial water contact angles of 158.23 ± 1.08° and surface energy of 12.07 ± 0.13 mN/m. After 365 days of ambient aging, the water contact angle remained at 154.87 ± 1.33° and the surface energy rose to 16.41 ± 0.46 mN/m; at 730 days, the water contact angle was 153.87 ± 0.78° with surface energy 25.49 ± 0.74 mN/m. Tape-peeling tests (25 cycles, 100 g roller) reduced water contact angle by < 1.5° on day 1 and < 1.2° after 730 days, demonstrating excellent adhesive durability. Sandpaper abrasion (25 cycles, emery paper) lowered the water contact angle from ~ 158° to 134.32 ± 0.22° on day 1 but to only 139.33 ± 0.20° after 730 days, indicating improved abrasion resistance with aging. Pin-on-disk wear (10 N load, 0.1 m/s, 1000 m sliding) fractured the micro-textures and stripped soot, resulting in 18.5 g weight loss and water contact angle collapse to 34.89°, revealing limitations under severe tribological contact. SEM and EDS confirmed uniform carbon coverage and progressive texture damage.