<p>Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures remains a critical challenge, leading to structural deterioration, costly repairs, and reduced service life, particularly in harsh marine and industrial environments. Traditional protective methods often suffer from inadequate durability and limited long-term effectiveness. Nanocomposite-enhanced cementitious coatings have emerged as a promising solution to overcome these limitations by significantly improving the physical, chemical, and mechanical performance of cementitious systems. This review explores recent advancements in nanocomposite-modified coatings, focusing on the incorporation of materials such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nano-silica, and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which contribute to enhanced barrier properties, pore refinement, and reduced permeability. Hybrid systems integrating functional polymers further improve adhesion, crack resistance, and hydrophobicity. Additionally, the use of functionalized nanomaterials imparts self-healing and anti-corrosive capabilities, thereby promoting long-term durability in aggressive service conditions. This comprehensive review aims to provide a critical understanding of current progress and future directions in nanocomposite cementitious coatings, offering valuable insights for the development of next-generation sustainable corrosion protection technologies for reinforced concrete infrastructure.</p>